ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENTS IN INDIA   Term Paper ID:41052 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Considers two environmental issues in India the Chipko movement and the Narmada dam project ...... More...

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Paper Abstract: Considers two environmental issues in India--the Chipko movement and the Narmada dam project--and how grassroots organizations worked together and at cross purposes with international organizations. Paper Introduction: Environmental Movements in India Introduction Environmental movements have risen in popularity around the world inthe last half century Increasingly activists in various countries areconcerned about issues that have a global effect such as global warming yet environmentalists also focus on local events and issues Often localand global environmental challenges overlap Dams may be one way toaddress a region\'s power needs which in turn will stimulate the economy but the dam may have severe ecological impacts Forests may be importantto a region\'s ecology Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. "Global and Going Nowhere." Denver Journal of International Law and Policy 34(Summer 2 6): pp. Conclusion Environmental issues lend themselves to grassroots organizationsbecause they often begin as local issues affecting people in a specificregion. This research considershow local environmental movements interact and disagree with othersinterested stakeholders in India using two recent projects as examples. The Chipko movement provedremarkably successfully at shifting Indian policy, however, with the resultthat the deforestation of the region was largely limited. The grassroots organizations were nolonger able to exert power in the same way that they might have beforesince their alliance was now transnational. Environmental Movements in India Introduction Environmental movements have risen in popularity around the world inthe last half century. 247-319.Linkenbach, Antje. Both the strategy and its name eventually gave rise to the "tree-huggers" that have emerged elsewhere in the world (Linkenbach 47). In the end, the goal ofpreventing the dam was not achieved despite global involvement (Collins178). Today, environmentissues are no longer of interest only to the local community; insteadinterested parties can come from many sources, some of which aresignificantly removed from the immediate region. Forests may be importantto a region's ecology, but increased population growth may encourageclearing the land for agriculture and habitation. Analysis The Narmada dam project sought to build multiple dams on the Narmadariver in order to provide irrigation and power to the region. The women argued that the forest was central to their livelihoodsas the local people depended on the forests for fuel, food and shelter.These protests came to be known as Chipko, which translates as "embrace" or"hug". If the movements are successful at attracting attention of thelarger community, they may attract support that helps sway policy, but suchinfluence depends on which groups have leverage over which stakeholders.NGOs may lack influence over local officials, with the result thattransnational alliances may not be effective. "Global Environmentalism and Local Politics." Latin American Politics and Society 47(Summer 2 5): 176-18 .Jarosz, Lucy. Works CitedCollins, Jennifer. Often, localand global environmental challenges overlap. Over time, opposition to the project grew to a significantlevel and involved groups with the credibility to force the World Bank towithdraw its support in 199 . "Taking Stands." The Geographical Journal 172(March 2 6): 82-83.Kraska, James C. Dams may be one way toaddress a region's power needs which, in turn, will stimulate the economy,but the dam may have severe ecological impacts. This was probably due to the lack of involvement of aninternational adversary such as the World Bank. This, however, did not stop the project,although it did result in some modifications to the number and heights ofthe dams to be built (Kraska 277). Oxford: Berg Publishers, 2 8. In a rural and sparsely populated region of the Himalaya, indigenouswomen began embracing trees in the early 197 s to prevent them from beingfelled. Forest Futures. On the other hand, localprotests may well be able to accomplish change on the local, and evennational level, if they can maintain control of their own agenda. Localgrassroots organizations began protests nearly immediately after theproject's announcement, and were able to gain the attention of global non-government organizations (NGOs) attracted by issues of human rights and theenvironment. When NGOs become involved, pressure shifts from the localto the international community with the result that the local government-orin this case, the Indian Supreme Court-felt little pressure once the WorldBank had withdrawn its support. This grassroots movement also attracted the attention of the outsideworld, but unlike the Narmada dam project, NGOs did not become involved onthe same level. Increasingly, activists in various countries areconcerned about issues that have a global effect, such as global warming,yet environmentalists also focus on local events and issues. Thus thismovement can be said to have been more successful than the Narmada protests(Jarosz 82). The fact that the project moved forward may be indicative of one ofthe consequences of loss of control when grassroots organizations are notable to coordinate their activities with well-meaning internationalorganizations. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.