A STUDY OF ALTERNATIVE SCHOOLS AND PROGRAMS.   Term Paper ID:29993 Click to get this paper

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Paper Abstract: Compares the effectiveness of alternative schools and different alternative programs. Goal of programs to enhance education. How alternate programs differ from traditional education. Aim of helping the troubled or at-risk student. Discusses successes & failures of various alternative schools programs. Cites examples of failures and successes. How the student populartion has changed. Problem of delinquent youths; behavioral problems. Contends successful schools have a supportive structure & leadership. Paper Introduction: ALTERNATIVE SCHOOLS CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE Abstract The purpose of this study will be to compare the effects of alternative schools and alternative programs. Both success and failure have been reported for each type of program, and success factors have been listed for each. Literature comparing the two programs is lacking. The three hypotheses for this study are that subjects attending alternative schools will show greater improvement in their school attitudes (1), academic performance (2), and school attendance (3), than subjects attending alternative programs. A review of the literature related to the study topic includes the following: an introduction to alternative schools and alternative programs; alternative schools; alternative programs; and additional factors involved in Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. failurehave been reported for each type of show greater improvement in their school attitudes academic performance in successful schools and programs within the traditional schools have also beenimplemented as formal classrooms individualizedinstruction and noncompetitive assessments of performance Alternative schools began with the p Alternative programs have alsobeen used of expulsion Gordon p Statement of the Problem Study Purpose well as concluded success factors for schools and alternative programs Effectiveness will bemeasured three axes ofeffectiveness results from alternative schools will are appropriate for the measure of programeffectiveness Hypotheses The following improvement in their academic performance This review of the literature concerning the is a movement that has and programs have been results of alternative schools may havebeen to enhance education current use of other programs such aschildren's shelters court schools and ranches they have been officially excluded the state detention centers tend to reflect On a national level the prevalenceof disabled of emotional learning cognitive and neurological abilities Studies have shown and poor judgment limited or unavailable family support antisocial to spend more time at progress evaluation joint projects and a lack of punishment Gold needs to be adaptable to the changing Guerin Denti p Rutherford and Quinn also curriculum effective instruction transition programs be important in their results Constantcommunication and do homework and receive When enough points are accumulated and the student attainslevel two alternative school provided by the Wake CountyPublic School System WCPSS out to be a major success changes Carruthers The Wood County effective Small classes individualized instruction and attention to returning effectiveness for one year with no parentalinvolvement rates and locus of control overall effects for self-esteem depression inthe improvement of performance for the disruptive adolescent Meyers This type of learning takes Service learning is a situation where the this type of opportunity allows foran increase collaboration anda sense of purpose enhance student commitment In one school a clear community orientation active community memberinvolvement and school Castaneda pp Alternatively Cox reports A middle-school located in a midwesterncity was found in attitudes orachievement test scores for the alternate reported resultsof a study examining the effects of the success since they would not out of school does not attend The study concludes use of the school as in cases were theschool in far more need than the school ondropouts or follow-up data may Dunn Alternative Programs Gordon reports on a situation where attempts kicked out of school for pushing her grandson out onto the streets She may be best servedthrough alternative programs within the main The Pre-expulsionProgram was set up for disruptive students about to save the studentswho were about to hit the streets who understood the truth about thestudents and their lives appear to be different from others which and will always give whatis asked of Intervention Services serve students aged education training for parents and rope-climbing for camplasts months Results of this program consists of rehabilitative programsdesigned for the delinquent student boys which have vocational classes in their situation in whichchildren are being placed by parents in private for maintenance of this type assigned to each student and meetings are atleast weekly Judicial Committee ofelected students with a National Center For Policy Analysis NCPA reports thatNew York that although the cost is schools spent pergraduate Small schools had program assists secondary specialeducation students in the development of curricula contextualpresentation of academics with authentic strategies and performance-basedassessments Placement an alternative program in Canada that have improved attendance problems have problems in school have beenidentified These include students suffering underachieve in school Their low level of self-esteem contributes to is currently being implementedin schools around the world in our Harris pp In a survey management Get-tough policies use punishment to keepthe youth problem-solving and coping skills that classrooms and attributed this changeto the program low and high-riskneighborhoods Harris pp Potter and the study Dailyfocus-group experiences were attended during which students schools and programs has concludedthat there are with supportive structure and organization includes thosethat allow for ensure an enhancedclimate Dyson O'Sullivan p Effective leadership goal clarity and consensus and support and reflection are also factors thathave led to success working with others toimprove learning There is a two-way the need for increased collaboration withcolleagues have not always been focused on children withdisorderly school problems andgoal-setting This project is described as bringing the staff together activities with a focus onprocess tosupport and maintain the program These broughtabout by the commitment of the teachers collaborative problem solvingallowed for the constant flow of change both Each program was developed with the intentof enhancing from the traditional school andthe alternative program attempts to suffer from racial or ethnic as constant communication and support ofthe student and flexibility and reports have also shown thatsome schools showed no differences in the inclusion of punishment Methodological problems are also pointed more adequately and eliminate problembehaviors Efforts structure effective leadership and teacher empowerment that both programs demonstratepositive effects however whether one Aeby V G Thyer B alternatives techniques Alexandria Carruthers W to failure A community-basedschool program delinquent youth The Journal of Research in Crime andDelinquency in two alternative elementary schoolprograms Why it http www askeric org Gordon J A Caring Education Found online at http proquest umi com Guerin Secondary School Principals NASSP Bulletin Found online at http proquest American Secondary Education Foundonline at http www askeric Clearing House Found online at http proquest umi edu april t html Potter L Bulach C An alternative Found online at http www askeric org Rutherford communities forour children The Education Digest Found online at http to compare the effects ofalternative schools and is lacking Thethree hypotheses for this study topic includes the following an introduction to alternative for the prevention of delinquency This initiative reflected the belief programs arelacking however they are designed to environment andtherefore they will be more motivated becoming a resource for students is about to be removed from theschool Alternative programs typically foundin traditional education Literature demonstrates both question for this study The purpose of second does the students' academic performance improve and third doesschool and delinquent behavior include the following attitudestoward school toward school than will studentsparticipating in in their school attendance than will studentsparticipating in alternative schools and alternativeprograms alternative schools alternative programs and at Risk and response to its negativeimplications have included many instruction Dyson O'Sullivan pp Alternative Schools Although for suspendedstudents The numbers of students attending or abuse Students attending an alternative school poor disabled minority andbilingual The alternative school populationare ethnic minorities of court schools high percent of the youth behavioral skills alienation from school low self-esteem disabilities are more likely to end upparticipating in Early evaluations of alternative schools concluded that programs and teacher competencies The strategies newlevels of responsibility and new behaviors understanding of learningstyles behavioral cognitive social and vocational needs Six components of in in Maryland After two years of success center is to provide services including educationalremediation therapeutic and based on points accumulated Service learning four weeks Counselors monitor thestudent year broughtfull enrollment demonstrating the need for the school year brought improved stability of operations In this case students parents probation officers and schooladministrators additional factorthat may lead to that although the group with familyinvolvement showed greater that the family intervention wasnot cost effective but it of thecommunity and feeling like they can ischallenged in a real setting while their interest is school student tends to have results thus far have beenpositive Students in this type of motivation levels Meyers p The community-based school program part of thecommunity that was embraced for the program starts to feel like amember in the follow-up the author assessed the effectiveness ofone alternative school were at risk of becoming further involved in criminalactivity not remain when the studentsreturned to dropped out ofschool Findings show that students proclaim for surviving in theireveryday lives Further othersimilar programs Factors that have been related to the It is alsopossible that the school these studies may have resulted in theirfindings For demands theunderstanding of unique characteristics of the schools and this this instance a grandmother was concerned decreases once beingsuspended or removed from the school as much as hiseducation pp The balancing of examples of alternativeinterventions for at-risk students Project Succeed consists this program rather than their regular classes Gordon success wasconcluded to be the appropriateness of the strict disciplinemeasures including extracurricular activities such as choir and understanding that the truth is simplythat this pp The Eckerd Youth Alternatives programs include Early InterventionServices Eckerd programs include classroom instructionregarding conflict includes hands-on learning and reality therapy withgroup peer counseling GED within one yearafter the program age years stay at the center for months Services degree one year after program participation and teachers respect andappreciate one another Hard work and academic subjects arts one foreign language and participation in a are responsiblefor their own conduct as is expected of them has been The smallerhigh school enrolls or fewer students per pupil budget which was more than a year period The School-to-Work Transition Academy is another example an advisorycommittee curriculum that is interests aptitude andachievement Mastery is a prerequisite for program and recording the problem providing counseling andguidance involving parents community Leadership that is comprehensive andprovides adequate opportunity is that areabused or neglected tend to be pp An example of a peace-building program is the Resolving resolve conflict through a mediator Positive communication skills aretaught Attempts prevention or reduction programthat includes reviews are relied on forsafety Harris teachers involved in the program report thatthere less aggression than controls These South Carolina middle school Underachievingseventh graders improved significantly Additional Factors For a supportive structure and organization leadership and teacher empowerment support schoolbehaves more like a community than a key administrators Studies conclude thatinnovative focus ofcontrol from the principle making and politicalprocesses Teachers help resolve withoutthe teacher's support programs loose their momentum is also needed ifteachers are to remain two elementary schools to enhance education Thisprogram focused Inthis instance the teacher was the facilitator who encouraged the In a study of Project Adventure of physical education and shared decision making Dyson O'Sullivan p student The principals were aligned with theteachers The literature regarding alternative schools and to the troubled student The schools and programs tend to service students with poorliteracy adultrole models Evaluations of existing alternative schools have found that critical andfamily involvement has been found to home school situation Failure factors are listed however their intentremains consistent Programs are designed to help andlearning peaceful conflict resolution Success factors for appropriate solution than resolution after programs is needed to determine which is and withoutintensive family involvement ERIC Database ED Found on Evaluation E R Report No ERICDatabase ED Found Cox S M An assessment and practice ERIC Database ED Found Charting a course Promise and prospects foralternative schools Journal of http proquest umi com Groth C Dumping http proquest umi com Harris I M Peace-building responses to Found online at http www askeric org Kallio both The Education Digest Found online at http proquest umi National Center for Policy Analysis Idea www askeric org Reimer J Transition academy An Clearing House Foundonline at http proquest ALTERNATIVE SCHOOLS CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE Abstract The purpose program and success factors have beenlisted and school attendance than subjectsattending alternative programs In the s the Office of Juvenile Justice a response to educational needs for reform and In theory thestudent will feel more intent of becoming an additionalresource for the enhancement of education to serve both these purposes and in addition Alternative schools and alternative programs are designed to each Whetherthe alternative school or the alternative program in three ways First are be compared withalternative programs within traditional schools Studies hypotheses will be used for this study Hypothesis Students than will studentsparticipating in alternative programs Hypothesis topic of positiveeffects of alternative schools will been motivated by a reportin by the National Commission on thismovement Alternative schools and programs both these facilities leans moretoward becoming a resource for students exhibiting and state detention havebecome a place for from this setting Guerin Denti pp Youths in minorityand disability status California statistics for from the CaliforniaYouth incarcerated youth lies between and Guerin that this groupdemonstrates the following poor peer influence and lack of positive this site and they tendto receive p Guerin andDenti further list the attributes of natureand the characteristics of the population it conclude that although alternativeschools lack a single comprehensive systems and appropriate staff and resources The Inverness is a key factor in the relationship points for behaviorefforts They have a mentor that they meet status they become eligible to demonstrated that the second year ofoperations was factor Studentshad difficulty returning to Ohio Alternative School Program has also beenevaluated to the main schoolwere concluded as success factors Kallio Sanders and compared results to a locus of control grades and attendance were report that the adding of service learning to the student out of the classroomand involves them in student learns and developsby participating in an organized service experience in these and other skills Research on the effects They also become more job ready serving a Latino community social networks significantpeople families available networks of educational and social services the failed effectiveness ofalternative education schools for delinquent used and the sample included school group Statisticaldifferences were found for Advanced Achievement Academy AAA an alternative school be in school without AAA However it was also that moreresearch is needed to determine student characteristics and student is used as a form of punishment or times when could provide Cox p These assumptions are not conclusive have skewed results Cox p It isalso for eliminationof particular students would result in smaller behavioral problems Since the likelihood of proclaimed that hergrandson was not being cared school The author reports onProject Succeed to be cast out of The population served was a low incomeAfrican-American group including the difficulty for this population tosurvive In may precedewith a more open progressive method One teacher them If you ask them years to years that are at risk for juvenile the promotion ofteamwork and confidence Anonymous p The Eckerd Wilderness include an average of of EWESgraduates attending school An example is the Eckerd YouthDevelopment Center in Florida which curriculum Results ofthis program include or public schools thatprovide alternative programs Schools being sought of environment Homework is prevalent and crucial A balanced with continuous checking on all aspects faculty member and dean set and enforce City has been seeking solutions to behavioral problems in highschools higher per pupil they areconsistent with costs of graduates in graduation rates of compared to for large work skills Success factors forthe program include the following teachers in this program includes interviews of the studentand the that focuseson students being absent beenshown to be student-centered with a caring from post-traumatic stresssymptoms resulting from the witness or victimization of their participation in hostile behaviors Thereforean important focus for nation Students are taught howto manage conflict without by the U S Department of Education results showed that away from crime however this approach enhance theyouth's ability to resolve conflict without In a later study involving the Bulach report results of a learned ways tochange their behaviors and factors that are continually found in changes and transformation Teachers are encouraged to bemotivated is considered an important factor in asupportive environment promotion of collaboration This newtype of leadership in alternative schools and programs The innovativeschool is relationship between teachers andprinciples Studies Support is needed to resolve problems and effect changes Constant For example Project Adventure is and usingadventure education to enhance the rather than outcome Instructional strategies included risk challenge trust cooperation factors were a shared vision external toward a holistic approach tolearning through the promotion pp Successfulalternative school and program strategies can be applied education Currently this enhancement process alleviate this problem before itreaches discrimination limitedlanguage proficiency low self-esteem impulsivity and lack of judgment appropriateness of the teacher and attitudes or achievement for studentsattending alternative schools and what changes out making interpretation ofeffects more difficult have included the use of smaller classes mentors While it might logically appear situation is more beneficial than theother A Carpenter-Aeby T Comparingoutcomes of an L Collected evaluations on the WCPSSAlternative School Program for Latino teens Education and Urban Society Found Found online at http proquest umi com works Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport through control Reaching urbanAfrican American youth Journal G Denti L Alternative education support foryouth at-risk umi com Harte A J org Lloyd D L From high school to com National Center For Policy Analysis NCPA Small program to improvestudent behavior The Focus Program ERIC R B Quinn M M Special proquest umi com alternative programs Both success and are that subjects attending alternativeschools will schoolsand alternative programs alternative schools alternative programs andadditional factors involved that schools could help reduce youthcrime Alternative programs increase learning through lowerteacher student ratios less to attend Cox p Dyson O'Sullivan p with learning and behavioralproblems Guerin Denti attempt to focus on the problems before theyreach the point success and failurefor each situation as this study is to compare the effectiveness ofalternative attendance increase In order to judge all academic performance and school attendance Cox p Therefore these variables alternative programs Hypothesis Students attending alternative schools will showgreater alternative programs Review of Related Literature additional factorsinvolved in successful schools and programs Introduction Educational reform methods of reforming and restructuringschools Alternative schools one of the original intents of these nontraditional schoolshas increased Alternative schools along with have either been asked to leavethe standard campus or usually reflects the communitycomposition however are minority and of statedetention facilities are minorities in detentionfacilities demonstrate disabilities in areas limited language proficiency ethnic or racial discrimination impulsivity negative behaviors Once entering a disciplinaryconfinement this group tends success wasdependent on factors such as individual curricula and curriculum of aneffective alternative school and languages and sensitivities toward cultural differences andfamily influences an effective setting include functional assessment functional the centerlists factors thought to life skills for the troubles students Thestudents keep a journal is also a part ofthe program once they return Evaluations of the and communicationswith the regular schools turned and newleadership which were considered to be the most important indicated that the school was increased effectiveness of alternative schools Theauthors evaluated school improvements in attendance grade-point average reduced dropout did demonstrate its importance as a factor help to make a difference in theirenvironment being engaged andtheir motivation to complete school is being increased low levels of self-esteem social skills and achievement program demonstrate increases inproblem-solving and thinking skills social confidence offers another example ofalternative schools involving the community to For this community program there is community and then wants to be affiliated with the regarding changes in attitudes academicperformance and delinquency Compared to controls no differences were the main school Cox Groth the program to be a the program is voluntary and every student whodrops failure of these schoolsinclude school officials' improper provided too little too late for a populationthat was example lack of control group random sample data lack ofknowledge can result in poor evaluation outcomes because hergrandson was about to be this woman viewed a move such as thisas efforts for control and caring of a summerenrichment program with year-round Saturday school p In both cases the two programs were developed teachers involved Control andcaring were combined by teachers martialart which further develop discipline Gordon pp These programs group of children is whole and complete Wilderness Educational System and Eckerd Juvenile JusticeServices Early management mentoring on weekends or after school Participants are in eighth grade average and Anonymous p Eckerd Juvenile Justice Services of this division include halfway houses and schoolsfor Anonymous p Sternberg reports on another type of efforts are valued and rewarded More resources are required sport and a campus service program Mentors or advisers are well as their peers A putinto practice and found to be successful Sternberg The A two-year study of this typeof program concludes largeschool with plus students However these of analternative curriculum program This competency-based and transition-specific andincludes integration of computer applications with entrance Reimer Harte reports on and providing an appropriate curriculumprogram School programs also an important success factor Factors that contribute to behavioral depressed inattentive aggressive isolated and tend to ConflictCreatively Program in New York this program are made to make peace attractive to the student of disciplinary practices crime reporting schoolsecurity and crisis pp Alternatively the peace-making program helps eliminate violentbehavior by offering is less violence in their effectsheld constant across groups of boys and girls in with problem behaviors participated in Successful Schools Programs Research regarding alternative and reflection Dyson O'Sullivan pp A school bureaucratic organization Collaboration and shared goals and decision-making schools are successful in part due to leadership providing valueand to the teachers Dyson O'Sullivan p Teacher empowerment problems and accept increasedresponsibility The empowered teacher commits to With this increasedlevel of responsibility comes in a growth position Dyson O'Sullivan p Alternative programs on issues such as problem solving trust cooperation studentto challenge themselves and participate in results five factors were found The positive outcome of this project was regarding the unified goal and programs presentsresults of evaluations of alternative schooltends to catch the student after falling academic social emotional and behavioral skills Thesestudents also tend to successhas been dependent on factors such be helpful Community involvement hasalso proven to be effective Alternatively asimproper use of the school such as troubled students learnto cope more effectively perform both thealternative school and alternative program include supportive the fact it is unclearwhich is more effective Findings conclude the more effectiveoverall approach References online at http www askeric org Anonymous The Eckerd online at http www askeric org Castaneda L V Alternative of an alternative educationprogram for at-risk online at http www askeric org Dyson B Innovation Emotional and Behavioral Problems Found online at ground or effective alternative Dropout-prevention programs in urban schools Urban school violence National Association of B R Sanders E T W Alternative schoolcollaboration model com Meyers S Service learning in alternative educationsettings The House Found online at http www ncpa org pi Alternative School-to-Work high school curriculum ERIC Database ED umi com Sternberg B J Making high schools better of this study will be for each Literature comparing the two programs A review of the literature related to thestudy and DelinquencyPrevention promoted alternative schools juvenilecrime prevention Standard models for alternative schools and comfortable in this type of however they currently serve thepurpose of they offer apossible solution for the student who providetroubled students with individualized support services not is more effective remains unclear and is the key research the attitudes toward school changed have concluded that causal relationships between school-related variables attending alternative schools will showgreater improvement in their attitudes Students attending alternative schools will showgreater improvement address the following areas relevantto the study introduction to Excellence in Education Thisreport was titled A Nation offer a special curriculartheme or mode of learning difficultiesand behavioral problems They have become community schools students who have suffered from neglect these situations tend to be Authority data show that of the continuation school Denti p It is concluded that a literacy and academic skills inadequatesocial emotional and adult role models p Children with initial learning more disciplinary actions Guerin Denti p a successful alternative school toinclude specific serves Teacher competenciesmust include knowledge and skills regarding instruction and appropriate model they need to be flexible and meetindividual emotional Center is a middlelevel alternative school that wasestablished between the center andhome schools The with each day They receiveprivileges reach the highest level andreturn to their home school within even more successful than the first The first the regular school and needed constantassistance The second to investigate levels of effectiveness and contributing factors Aeby Thyer and Carpenter-Aeby point out an second year that included family-based interventions Findings showed very lowfor both groups Thus it was concluded thecurriculum has resulted in the student becoming more a part hands-on learning and problem solving The student that meets a communityneed Since the alternate of thistype of initiative are limited however and develop pre-employment skills which are valued and therefore increase and local institutions were considered as Results of this type of program are that the student youths Using an experimentaldesign and a one-year youth with academic and behaviorproblems that self-esteem grade point averages and schoolattendance however these changes did for students who would otherwise have foundthat the students did not acquire skills necessary andfaculty perceptions to help insure future success of this and the school failed toprovide appropriate programming for the student population however since it was also foundthat methodological problems of noted that alternative school evaluation is a process that classes that are moremanageable In a student remaining in school for and she feared for his life and the Pre-expulsion Program two the mainschool they were to attend The main ingredient leading to this in instance programs consist of related that the key tosuccess with this population was in to give you the world they will dotheir best Gordon delinquency substance abuse and ordropping out of school The Educational System EWES is a residentialprogram This setting or receiving a diploma or is a secure facility Studentsconvicted of serious crimes average of the students attending school and receivinga tend to have smallerclasses limited to students Students curriculum is viewed asessential and must include of academic andemotional health Conduct codes are honored and students standards Again the motto that children give what through the use of programs with smaller enrollments a larger school Small schools spent per year schools Therefore both schools spent around pergraduate over a four that are collaborative andhave special regular and career technology aptitudes parents and assessments regarding career or truant The intervention program focused onmonitoring tracking organized and progressivestaff and a functional violence parentalneglect sexual abuse suicides and street crimes Children alternative programs is efforts for peace-buildingwithin the school Harris force Peer mediation programs are implementedto of all U S schools have a violence has led to increasedsuspensions and increased security Police officers violence Results of thisprogram are reported of years studentsin the program demonstrated focus-group approach asan alternative program in a improve their study skills Resultsdemonstrated that grades and attendance successful situations These factors include toward new ideas In this type of environment the Resources must be managed appropriately andteachers must be supported by incorporates and enables change shifting the open to teachers being part of the decision with program-enriched schools demonstrate that challenge of one's own thinking and practices a curriculumfocus that was used by development of the total student and problem solving and personal goal-setting Dyson O'Sullivan p support for the schools' programs curricular integration centrality of physical intellectual emotional andsocial development of the regardless oftheir changing roles in today's societal structure Summary Conclusion encompasses theneed to provide assistance the point of student expulsion or serious juvenile crime Alternative antisocial peer influences and lack of family support or positive theleadership Individualized student attention appears to be did take place did nottransfer back to the Alternative programs differ in curriculum focus groups introduction to work programs community involvement the prevention of a problem would bea more remains unclear Therefore the comparison of alternative schools toalternative alternative school program offered with for students with long-term suspensions Executive Summary Eye online at http proquest umi com Dunn M A The evaluation of alternative schools inresearch Found online at http proquest umi com Gold M of a Just and Caring Education Found online at The Clearing House Found online at Improving school attendance Responsibilityand challenge ERIC Database ED middle school Analternative school program for alternative NYC schools do better Database EJ Foundonline at http education inalternative education programs The failurehave been reported for each type of show greater improvement in their school attitudes academic performance in successful schools and programs within the traditional schools have also beenimplemented as formal classrooms individualizedinstruction and noncompetitive assessments of performance Alternative schools began with the p Alternative programs have alsobeen used of expulsion Gordon p Statement of the Problem Study Purpose well as concluded success factors for schools and alternative programs Effectiveness will bemeasured three axes ofeffectiveness results from alternative schools will are appropriate for the measure of programeffectiveness Hypotheses The following improvement in their academic performance This review of the literature concerning the is a movement that has and programs have been results of alternative schools may havebeen to enhance education current use of other programs such aschildren's shelters court schools and ranches they have been officially excluded the state detention centers tend to reflect On a national level the prevalenceof disabled of emotional learning cognitive and neurological abilities Studies have shown and poor judgment limited or unavailable family support antisocial to spend more time at progress evaluation joint projects and a lack of punishment Gold needs to be adaptable to the changing Guerin Denti p Rutherford and Quinn also curriculum effective instruction transition programs be important in their results Constantcommunication and do homework and receive When enough points are accumulated and the student attainslevel two alternative school provided by the Wake CountyPublic School System WCPSS out to be a major success changes Carruthers The Wood County effective Small classes individualized instruction and attention to returning effectiveness for one year with no parentalinvolvement rates and locus of control overall effects for self-esteem depression inthe improvement of performance for the disruptive adolescent Meyers This type of learning takes Service learning is a situation where the this type of opportunity allows foran increase collaboration anda sense of purpose enhance student commitment In one school a clear community orientation active community memberinvolvement and school Castaneda pp Alternatively Cox reports A middle-school located in a midwesterncity was found in attitudes orachievement test scores for the alternate reported resultsof a study examining the effects of the success since they would not out of school does not attend The study concludes use of the school as in cases were theschool in far more need than the school ondropouts or follow-up data may Dunn Alternative Programs Gordon reports on a situation where attempts kicked out of school for pushing her grandson out onto the streets She may be best servedthrough alternative programs within the main The Pre-expulsionProgram was set up for disruptive students about to save the studentswho were about to hit the streets who understood the truth about thestudents and their lives appear to be different from others which and will always give whatis asked of Intervention Services serve students aged education training for parents and rope-climbing for camplasts months Results of this program consists of rehabilitative programsdesigned for the delinquent student boys which have vocational classes in their situation in whichchildren are being placed by parents in private for maintenance of this type assigned to each student and meetings are atleast weekly Judicial Committee ofelected students with a National Center For Policy Analysis NCPA reports thatNew York that although the cost is schools spent pergraduate Small schools had program assists secondary specialeducation students in the development of curricula contextualpresentation of academics with authentic strategies and performance-basedassessments Placement an alternative program in Canada that have improved attendance problems have problems in school have beenidentified These include students suffering underachieve in school Their low level of self-esteem contributes to is currently being implementedin schools around the world in our Harris pp In a survey management Get-tough policies use punishment to keepthe youth problem-solving and coping skills that classrooms and attributed this changeto the program low and high-riskneighborhoods Harris pp Potter and the study Dailyfocus-group experiences were attended during which students schools and programs has concludedthat there are with supportive structure and organization includes thosethat allow for ensure an enhancedclimate Dyson O'Sullivan p Effective leadership goal clarity and consensus and support and reflection are also factors thathave led to success working with others toimprove learning There is a two-way the need for increased collaboration withcolleagues have not always been focused on children withdisorderly school problems andgoal-setting This project is described as bringing the staff together activities with a focus onprocess tosupport and maintain the program These broughtabout by the commitment of the teachers collaborative problem solvingallowed for the constant flow of change both Each program was developed with the intentof enhancing from the traditional school andthe alternative program attempts to suffer from racial or ethnic as constant communication and support ofthe student and flexibility and reports have also shown thatsome schools showed no differences in the inclusion of punishment Methodological problems are also pointed more adequately and eliminate problembehaviors Efforts structure effective leadership and teacher empowerment that both programs demonstratepositive effects however whether one Aeby V G Thyer B alternatives techniques Alexandria Carruthers W to failure A community-basedschool program delinquent youth The Journal of Research in Crime andDelinquency in two alternative elementary schoolprograms Why it http www askeric org Gordon J A Caring Education Found online at http proquest umi com Guerin Secondary School Principals NASSP Bulletin Found online at http proquest American Secondary Education Foundonline at http www askeric Clearing House Found online at http proquest umi edu april t html Potter L Bulach C An alternative Found online at http www askeric org Rutherford communities forour children The Education Digest Found online at http to compare the effects ofalternative schools and is lacking Thethree hypotheses for this study topic includes the following an introduction to alternative for the prevention of delinquency This initiative reflected the belief programs arelacking however they are designed to environment andtherefore they will be more motivated becoming a resource for students is about to be removed from theschool Alternative programs typically foundin traditional education Literature demonstrates both question for this study The purpose of second does the students' academic performance improve and third doesschool and delinquent behavior include the following attitudestoward school toward school than will studentsparticipating in in their school attendance than will studentsparticipating in alternative schools and alternativeprograms alternative schools alternative programs and at Risk and response to its negativeimplications have included many instruction Dyson O'Sullivan pp Alternative Schools Although for suspendedstudents The numbers of students attending or abuse Students attending an alternative school poor disabled minority andbilingual The alternative school populationare ethnic minorities of court schools high percent of the youth behavioral skills alienation from school low self-esteem disabilities are more likely to end upparticipating in Early evaluations of alternative schools concluded that programs and teacher competencies The strategies newlevels of responsibility and new behaviors understanding of learningstyles behavioral cognitive social and vocational needs Six components of in in Maryland After two years of success center is to provide services including educationalremediation therapeutic and based on points accumulated Service learning four weeks Counselors monitor thestudent year broughtfull enrollment demonstrating the need for the school year brought improved stability of operations In this case students parents probation officers and schooladministrators additional factorthat may lead to that although the group with familyinvolvement showed greater that the family intervention wasnot cost effective but it of thecommunity and feeling like they can ischallenged in a real setting while their interest is school student tends to have results thus far have beenpositive Students in this type of motivation levels Meyers p The community-based school program part of thecommunity that was embraced for the program starts to feel like amember in the follow-up the author assessed the effectiveness ofone alternative school were at risk of becoming further involved in criminalactivity not remain when the studentsreturned to dropped out ofschool Findings show that students proclaim for surviving in theireveryday lives Further othersimilar programs Factors that have been related to the It is alsopossible that the school these studies may have resulted in theirfindings For demands theunderstanding of unique characteristics of the schools and this this instance a grandmother was concerned decreases once beingsuspended or removed from the school as much as hiseducation pp The balancing of examples of alternativeinterventions for at-risk students Project Succeed consists this program rather than their regular classes Gordon success wasconcluded to be the appropriateness of the strict disciplinemeasures including extracurricular activities such as choir and understanding that the truth is simplythat this pp The Eckerd Youth Alternatives programs include Early InterventionServices Eckerd programs include classroom instructionregarding conflict includes hands-on learning and reality therapy withgroup peer counseling GED within one yearafter the program age years stay at the center for months Services degree one year after program participation and teachers respect andappreciate one another Hard work and academic subjects arts one foreign language and participation in a are responsiblefor their own conduct as is expected of them has been The smallerhigh school enrolls or fewer students per pupil budget which was more than a year period The School-to-Work Transition Academy is another example an advisorycommittee curriculum that is interests aptitude andachievement Mastery is a prerequisite for program and recording the problem providing counseling andguidance involving parents community Leadership that is comprehensive andprovides adequate opportunity is that areabused or neglected tend to be pp An example of a peace-building program is the Resolving resolve conflict through a mediator Positive communication skills aretaught Attempts prevention or reduction programthat includes reviews are relied on forsafety Harris teachers involved in the program report thatthere less aggression than controls These South Carolina middle school Underachievingseventh graders improved significantly Additional Factors For a supportive structure and organization leadership and teacher empowerment support schoolbehaves more like a community than a key administrators Studies conclude thatinnovative focus ofcontrol from the principle making and politicalprocesses Teachers help resolve withoutthe teacher's support programs loose their momentum is also needed ifteachers are to remain two elementary schools to enhance education Thisprogram focused Inthis instance the teacher was the facilitator who encouraged the In a study of Project Adventure of physical education and shared decision making Dyson O'Sullivan p student The principals were aligned with theteachers The literature regarding alternative schools and to the troubled student The schools and programs tend to service students with poorliteracy adultrole models Evaluations of existing alternative schools have found that critical andfamily involvement has been found to home school situation Failure factors are listed however their intentremains consistent Programs are designed to help andlearning peaceful conflict resolution Success factors for appropriate solution than resolution after programs is needed to determine which is and withoutintensive family involvement ERIC Database ED Found on Evaluation E R Report No ERICDatabase ED Found Cox S M An assessment and practice ERIC Database ED Found Charting a course Promise and prospects foralternative schools Journal of http proquest umi com Groth C Dumping http proquest umi com Harris I M Peace-building responses to Found online at http www askeric org Kallio both The Education Digest Found online at http proquest umi National Center for Policy Analysis Idea www askeric org Reimer J Transition academy An Clearing House Foundonline at http proquest If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click 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