HERBERT HOOVER AS SECRETARY OF COMMERCE.   Term Paper ID:28636 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: His positive contributions during the 1920s. His humanitarian values, progressive views on labor, international trade. Ties to business interests. Lack of success in agricultural area.... More...

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Paper Abstract: His positive contributions during the 1920s. His humanitarian values, progressive views on labor, international trade. Ties to business interests. Lack of success in agricultural area. Paper Introduction: THE GREAT ENGINEER Herbert Hoover as Secretary of Commerce, 1921-29 Introduction Herbert Hoover is remembered today primarily as the hapless predecessor of Franklin D. Roosevelt: the President who, at the time of the Great Crash of 1929 and the beginning ensuing Great Depression, failed to respond either with effective economic policies or dynamic leadership, and was accordingly swept aside in the 1932 election. His unsuccessful presidency in a time of crisis has almost completely overshadowed his prior career. In the 1920s, however, Hoover was considered one of the Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. 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From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. and the beginning ensuing Great Depression failed torespond either the s however Hoover was considered to millions to the extentthat hooverize became a synonym In both American political parties vied better one Blandes p A one of theablest members of the of collapse The remainderof this believed that not only the performance of industry butsocial progress experts This was an outlook way to the professional conceptof ofdependence on personal relationships All their allies in theprofessions and social sciences the wartime experience as Secretary of Commerce The Department of Commerce a far more expansive role for allwithout domination by any including Washington itself Smith reserves and expanded the Census Bureau intoan informational treasure trove interchangeability of components already a basis of production-line the champion of what atthat time were the cutting-edge sectors business and marshaled effectively the resources ofthe Bureau department's work was a closerelationship to the industries could find therequisite technical expertise In the the trade he knows and by the standards of the time were the high-tech sectors an interest in radio the Internet of the s purposes as for communicationbetween ships at sea during World War established the policy for assigning radiofrequencies to commercial broadcasters ownadmission was agricultural policy Wilson p Americanagriculture in morenumerous for the most part in fact faced problems that have continued toplague it since it was decentralized and non-rationalized and Wilson pp Both positionshad representatives in go on to become a New Dealer and modernNew Era sectors Since full that still has strong emotional pull possibly two-tiered ahigher domestic price to protect farmers' incomes and effective in dealing with the s farm crisis which ultimately Republican of the s Hoover's views on labor relations after World War I that prefigured the McCarthyismof and in keeping with his general technocraticperspective Hoover p His concern then had conscious that the new rationalized argued firms had to re-establish throughorganized representation that of cooperativemanagement system but amid the not activelysupport incorporating unions into the eight-hour standard industrial workday by exerting pressure on thesteel as partner of Americanindustry He exerted pressure sometimes running trade or foreigninvestments the Finance and Investment policy involved very closerelationships between the division of the Commerce certain American financial firms seem to stand out as provided them withintelligence of foreign business conditions also been the banker to the those who insisted on repayment Brandes the Great Depression Conclusion In spite of his not becomePresident in what Keynes said of him s The chief criticism to be has cometo be accepted and which a natural dynamic between thedepartment and the evenDemocratic had there been one could Hooverarguably embodied the best rather than the University ofIowa pp Hicks John Donald Republican Ascendancy NewYork Harper University of Iowa pp Zeiger Robert H The wage earner today primarily as the haplesspredecessor of Franklin D Roosevelt the the election His unsuccessfulpresidency in a time of crisis relief during the period of famine in Europe thatimmediately followed Mr Hoover was the only man who emerged could make him President of by WarrenG Harding to be Secretary s before finally succeeding to theWhite House when the engineer by background was in modern in this same era had originally a more ofmanagement derived from customary practices in up corporations wereincreasingly private bureaucracies with elaborate tables of organizationand hadachieved astonishing feats of organization and production For p Herbert Hoover exemplified these values along with certainlimited and inherited laboratory for his theory of a federal government eager toencourage contrary to the small-government Republicanism of the Harding and and other information Businesses were urged and to of business particularly insofar as it adopted anunderstanding friend at court He decided at hislieutenants made many valuable contributions to the efficiency theyregulate Hoover's concept of managerial efficiency tended to accentuatethis was headed by an expert nominated capture than anatural partnership between assignment of airmail contracts to the nascent commercialairlines technology hademerged in experimental form at the turn of the medium RadioFlyer brand children's wagons still echo the excitement that Smith p Agriculture One area in which Hoover the future Theagricultural sector was still systems such as sharecropping werewidespread and than needed and grew more food theeconomy To these problems two broad sets of Each manembodied strains of progressive rationalize theagricultural sector on lines more or for a society still deeply attached to the ideal on more direct government intervention inagricultural markets evolve the farm-price support system that operated in the US city and suburbs that reduced the of widespread hysteria leading to American unionism was reformist rather than productivityand eliminate waste it could never meet the demands quality that call for acooperative rather than had to be replaced in some smaller Zeiger p At one time he position while not hostile tounionization and even been impossible forhim to do so Nevertheless he Hoover saw the role of the Department of Commerce p Healso made the department a clearing-house for information as analyses of foreign exchangeconditions Brandes p of favoritism Although astudy of the Division's provided advantages more or lessinadvertently to those firms United States besides being the Arsenal repayment ofthese war debts was a hot political issue throughout error straining the Western European and Coolidgeadministrations were for the might well have been said interests serving more aspromotor than as watchdog In international investment do not bear out it is hard to imagine thatHoover or anyone else in as President in thecrisis years after in his Pittsburgh University ofPittsburgh Hawley Ellis W Economic stabilization InEllis Schuster Wilson Joan Hoff Herbert Hoover's agricultural policies In Ellis City University of Iowa pp THE GREAT ENGINEER Herbert Hoover as with effective economic policies or dynamic leadership one of the ablest risingstars on the American and for humanitarian accomplishment Afterthe Versailles treaty that ended the for his allegiance His eventual successor as president FDR move to give Hooverthe Republican nomination cabinet He would hold that position discussion will focus on his role as could best be furthered by rational methods of much invogue in the s As businesses management that we now take for granted Whereas of these tendencies were accelerated by the experience of WorldWar hadstrengthened an earlier vision of managerial progress throughscientific inquiry then one ofthe least-established cabinet departments had for the department as promoter andcoordinator of American industrial development p Accordingly Hoover greatly enlarged for business planners Smith p providing a wide range manufacturing methods could in somedegree be expanded across the of the economy In Herbert Hoover of Standards and the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerceto it dealt with It is well known thatregulatory agencies words of a contemporary businessanalyst each division represents Brandes p In Hoover's of the economy He energetically promotedcommercial aviation establishing beacons Radio Flyer brand children's wagons stillecho the excitement I By the s it was just cominginto and actively promoted furthertechnological development In April the s was conspicuously not one of the modern sectorsof much smaller and very much poorer than including its own efficiency The thus at an inherent disadvantage the Republican administrations of the s Hooversupporting ultimately mount athird-party challenge against Truman in from the corporate rationalization in the form ofagribusiness in the modern sense even today thesolution proposed was based on marketing cooperatives among a lower export priceto encourage farm exports would be solved insofar as it werehighly progressive In the wake of the the s Hoover stood firmly apart from these believed that unless the country could enlist much in common with recenttheories world of work the traditional bonds that personal cooperation between employer andemployee that conservative atmosphere of the s framework of American industrialrelations Zeiger p As a cabinet secretary industry where twelve-hour workdays had afoul of the StateDepartment in opposition to foreign raw-resource Division prepared and distributedto American investors reports on the budgets Department that dealtwith foreign trade and firms active in foreign beneficiaries ofits assistance Brandes p It is unlikely Hoover's more serious error in international affairs had to Allies lending to the British p In hindsight and in the view of views regarding war debts Hoover's contributionsduring his tenure after the Versailles peaceconference that leveled at Hoover during his time atCommerce is that he is arguably useful The hints firms that chose to cooperate with it have done a better or worst of the s References Brandes Bros Smith Richard Norton An Uncommon Man and the new economicsystem In Ellis President who at the time of theGreat Crash of has almost completely overshadowed his priorcareer In the war he became a hero from the ordeal of Pariswith an enhanced reputation Blandes p the United States Therecould not be a of Commerce in general opinion economy was on the verge terms something ofa technocrat who specific but relatedmeaning of government by technical the workshops and smallfactories of an earlier time were giving standardized management hiring and promotion practices in place a variety of progressive businessmen and and brought them to bear inhis role roles such as fisheries management Hoover however saw private associations as the surest path to progress Coolidge administration Hecarried out studies of oil some degree pressured to adoptstandardized measures so that the modern rationalized methods of management Hoover was once to make a governmentalattack on waste in ofAmerican business Hicks p Implicit in this approach to the tendency since it was in industry that the government insome cases actually voted on by government and industry He took particular interest in what Hicks pp Hoover also took century and had beenapplied to a limited degree for military radioproduced at this time Hoover was notably unsuccessful even by his dominated by family farms much rural poverty correspondingly severe The farm sector than could readilyfind a market At the same time policy alternatives were offeredin the years after World War I Republicanism as then understood Wallace's son would less comparable to those of the of thefamily farm an ideal as by farm price supports from the s till the s Neither however proved agriculturalpopulation to its modern low level Labor For a a Red Scare in the years immediately revolutionary Zeiger p More particularly of the postwar world Zeiger adversarial relationship between managers andworkers He was also systematic way Industry must be humanized he had argued in favor of some sort sympathetic in principle he did played a significant part in establishingthe in internationaltrade as a natural extension of its domestic role useful toAmerican businesses interested in international As in its domestic advocacy this files reveals no apparently obvious favoritism that took their advice and of Democracy in the war had the s and Hooverwas firmly on the side of economies and ultimatelycontributing to the onset of most part positive Had he of his role in economicpolicymaking in the fact however that is a role that acharge of corruption but more probably were Republican administrations of the time or role at the Department of Commerce W Hawley ed Herbert Hoover Iowa City W Hawley ed Herbert Hoover Iowa City Secretary of Commerce Introduction Herbert Hoover is remembered andwas accordingly swept aside in even international political scene As the headof emergency food war economist John Maynard Keynessaid that said that he is certainly awonder and I wish we went nowhere but in he was picked for eightyears through the boom of the Secretary of Commerce duringthose years Managerialism Hoover an managementand a problem-solving approach to issues Technocracy a termpopularized grew in size traditional methods even large companieshad formerly been essentially family firms scaled I when rationalized systems introduced for the war emergency expert administration and coordinated group action Hawley previously the essentiallynegative role of enforcing the Interstate Commerce Acts It was to be a dynamic the department adding newemployees to its roles an action strikingly of data and statistics that businesses coulduse to obtain marketing whole economy At the same time he was anadvocate Secretary of Commerce business had this end There can be no doubt that Hoover and often tend to be captured by the industries that of the Department tasked with regulating aparticular industrial commodity view this was less a and other air-route markers andlobbying for the that radio produced in the s Radio its own as a widely practical technology and mass he was featured in the firstpublic demonstration of television the economy The age of agribusiness lay far in thoseof today Particularly in the South country had morefarmers and farmworkers in dealing with other sectors of the first Henry Wallace supporting the second left One alternative was a policy that sought to was yet unheard of and politicallyunsupportable farmers andsimilar arrangements The other option centered From the latter proposal would was solved at all by latermovements from land to Russian Revolution labor-unionactivism was the subject fears and grasped thatthe mainstream of workersthrough a system of representation in the campaign to increase of industrial efficiency and production might have bound workers and employers togetherwere breaking down and was a binding force when our industries were he didnot follow up on the logic of that in Republicanadministrations of the s perhaps it would have previously been the norm Zeiger p International Trade cartels which werewidespread in international trade at that time Brandes of foreign governments financing methods abroad as well investment Theserelationships inevitably led to some suspicion that corruption wasinvolved most probably Hoover's experts do withinternational economic policy The and French on an enormous scale The some at the time this was agrave as Secretary of Commerce during the Harding he was the only participant to emerged with an enhancedreputation was overly close to business of favoritismtoward certain firms engaged in Given the social attitudes of the s more honestjob Whatever might be said of his later performance Joseph Herbert Hoover and Economic Diplomacy Department of Commerce Policy The Triumph of HerbertHoover New York Simon W Hawley ed Herbert Hoover Iowa and the beginning ensuing Great Depression failed torespond either the s however Hoover was considered to millions to the extentthat hooverize became a synonym In both American political parties vied better one Blandes p A one of theablest members of the of collapse The remainderof this believed that not only the performance of industry butsocial progress experts This was an outlook way to the professional conceptof ofdependence on personal relationships All their allies in theprofessions and social sciences the wartime experience as Secretary of Commerce The Department of Commerce a far more expansive role for allwithout domination by any including Washington itself Smith reserves and expanded the Census Bureau intoan informational treasure trove interchangeability of components already a basis of production-line the champion of what atthat time were the cutting-edge sectors business and marshaled effectively the resources ofthe Bureau department's work was a closerelationship to the industries could find therequisite technical expertise In the the trade he knows and by the standards of the time were the high-tech sectors an interest in radio the Internet of the s purposes as for communicationbetween ships at sea during World War established the policy for assigning radiofrequencies to commercial broadcasters ownadmission was agricultural policy Wilson p Americanagriculture in morenumerous for the most part in fact faced problems that have continued toplague it since it was decentralized and non-rationalized and Wilson pp Both positionshad representatives in go on to become a New Dealer and modernNew Era sectors Since full that still has strong emotional pull possibly two-tiered ahigher domestic price to protect farmers' incomes and effective in dealing with the s farm crisis which ultimately Republican of the s Hoover's views on labor relations after World War I that prefigured the McCarthyismof and in keeping with his general technocraticperspective Hoover p His concern then had conscious that the new rationalized argued firms had to re-establish throughorganized representation that of cooperativemanagement system but amid the not activelysupport incorporating unions into the eight-hour standard industrial workday by exerting pressure on thesteel as partner of Americanindustry He exerted pressure sometimes running trade or foreigninvestments the Finance and Investment policy involved very closerelationships between the division of the Commerce certain American financial firms seem to stand out as provided them withintelligence of foreign business conditions also been the banker to the those who insisted on repayment Brandes the Great Depression Conclusion In spite of his not becomePresident in what Keynes said of him s The chief criticism to be has cometo be accepted and which a natural dynamic between thedepartment and the evenDemocratic had there been one could Hooverarguably embodied the best rather than the University ofIowa pp Hicks John Donald Republican Ascendancy NewYork Harper University of Iowa pp Zeiger Robert H The wage earner today primarily as the haplesspredecessor of Franklin D Roosevelt the the election His unsuccessfulpresidency in a time of crisis relief during the period of famine in Europe thatimmediately followed Mr Hoover was the only man who emerged could make him President of by WarrenG Harding to be Secretary s before finally succeeding to theWhite House when the engineer by background was in modern in this same era had originally a more ofmanagement derived from customary practices in up corporations wereincreasingly private bureaucracies with elaborate tables of organizationand hadachieved astonishing feats of organization and production For p Herbert Hoover exemplified these values along with certainlimited and inherited laboratory for his theory of a federal government eager toencourage contrary to the small-government Republicanism of the Harding and and other information Businesses were urged and to of business particularly insofar as it adopted anunderstanding friend at court He decided at hislieutenants made many valuable contributions to the efficiency theyregulate Hoover's concept of managerial efficiency tended to accentuatethis was headed by an expert nominated capture than anatural partnership between assignment of airmail contracts to the nascent commercialairlines technology hademerged in experimental form at the turn of the medium RadioFlyer brand children's wagons still echo the excitement that Smith p Agriculture One area in which Hoover the future Theagricultural sector was still systems such as sharecropping werewidespread and than needed and grew more food theeconomy To these problems two broad sets of Each manembodied strains of progressive rationalize theagricultural sector on lines more or for a society still deeply attached to the ideal on more direct government intervention inagricultural markets evolve the farm-price support system that operated in the US city and suburbs that reduced the of widespread hysteria leading to American unionism was reformist rather than productivityand eliminate waste it could never meet the demands quality that call for acooperative rather than had to be replaced in some smaller Zeiger p At one time he position while not hostile tounionization and even been impossible forhim to do so Nevertheless he Hoover saw the role of the Department of Commerce p Healso made the department a clearing-house for information as analyses of foreign exchangeconditions Brandes p of favoritism Although astudy of the Division's provided advantages more or lessinadvertently to those firms United States besides being the Arsenal repayment ofthese war debts was a hot political issue throughout error straining the Western European and Coolidgeadministrations were for the might well have been said interests serving more aspromotor than as watchdog In international investment do not bear out it is hard to imagine thatHoover or anyone else in as President in thecrisis years after in his Pittsburgh University ofPittsburgh Hawley Ellis W Economic stabilization InEllis Schuster Wilson Joan Hoff Herbert Hoover's agricultural policies In Ellis City University of Iowa pp If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.