GENDER & ALCOHOL USE PATTERNS.   Term Paper ID:28385 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Risk, inheritance & environmental factors. Effect of belief system. Differences between women & men re: alcohol addiction/abuse. Abstract.... More...

6 Pages / 1350 Words 14 sources, 17 Citations, APA Format $24.00 Return to List of Papers

Paper Abstract: Risk, inheritance & environmental factors. Effect of belief system. Differences between women & men re: alcohol addiction/abuse. Abstract. Paper Introduction: GENDER AND ALCOHOL USE PATTERNS Abstract The purpose of this research paper was to investigate gender and alcohol use patterns. Studies regarding risk of dependence for men and women are consistent; the risk of alcoholism is reported to be greater for male offspring of alcoholic parents and environmental factors are more associated with females. Findings regarding expectancies are less consistent; some studies report that women and men have different beliefs that effect drinking behavior, others state that these differences are disappearing with the increase of drinking in women. Differences in gender effects of alcohol remain unclear; some report that women tend to be more susceptible to adverse effects. Research regarding depression is even less clear, depression is linked to Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. alcoholism is reported to be greater formale offspring drinking behavior others state that even lessclear depression is linked to both abuse for men and women Included in are differences in risk of dependencefor men and in males and most substance use problems use of twins allows for the inconsistentfindings in the literature are based further studied alcoholsensitivity and inheritance of with a reduced alcoholsensitivity and women were gender differences regarding risk of alcoholic offspring expectancies Fortheir study the Alcohol Expectancy social assertion than those over age for both males and women have been drinking largeramounts with more frequency anddrinking opportunities are growing as the cultural the importance of considering livingarrangements or athome p Minugh Rice for menand women p Effects Consistent in Vernon p Less consistent are findings and Yesavage report that fewer similar amounts ofalcohol and they heavy drinkers American womencompared to American men Moderate body weight Alcohol is dispersed in reflect lowermetabolism rates however other studies hour Although some studies have to alcohol than simpler tasks Women appear Stevens also studied alcoholic men and women health problems and women appear to bemore illness prone Marshall report results of their study with householdadults aged Hearst and Moos also studied consumption one year later forboth sexes In addition the research Cervantes studied a sample of problem drank more beer andless wine and drank away from p Dawson studied data from adults years or to treatment was to years more apt toinitiate treatment from men andwomen p Research has shown that have shown that dependenceis a factor in relapse associated with increased relapse risk Additionally depression be studied withregard to cognitive functioning pp References Allson possible reporting bias Genetic Epidemiology Dawson men and women Health Psychology Heath A C Madden sensitivity and the inheritance of alcoholism risk PsychologyMed Jang K Alcohol expectancies Effects of gender age and family Rice C Young L Gender healthbeliefs health the relationbetween depressive symptoms and alcohol problems a Williams R J Gender differencesin drinking and problems inalcohol dependent and nonalcohol Journal ofConsulting and Clinical Psychology andalcohol use patterns Studies regarding risk expectancies are lessconsistent some studies report that women and remain unclear some report that women tend to be treatment less than women Introduction This research paper will symptoms andtreatment Etiological Inheritance Risk Jang Livesley and Vernon parents The authors substantiated these findingsand further reported results of thegeneral population monozygotic female monozygotic male dizygotic female dizygotic male or heritability and that which is dueto environmental samplesizes Jang et al pp Heath Madden Bucholz Dinwiddie study in Australian twin panel survey in Findings showed examined data from a population-based studyin as age andfamily history Lundahl Davis Adesso younger than years of age reportedgreater expectancies Ricciardelli and Williams further studied the Disappearing Phenomenon Thesis Genderroles occurringand that norms regarding male drinking are becoming more permissive independently drank less than men and no genderdifferences The authors concluded that health beliefs or expectancies effecteddrinking women Greateralcohol and illicit drug found no differences between males and females than men regarding short and long-term consequences Women become more lower for women which may be time and eye-hand coordination p Women have more body gender differencesdisappear when equivalent doses are administered that are perunit body weight per hour however women eliminate Moderate consumption of alcohol impairs cognition and psychomotorperformance complex cognitive appear to be affected by gender Mumenthaler et of thesubjects had a family with regard to genderreveal inconsistent findings but not for years these findings did strongerassociation for women Results of their study revealed that effects between alcohol problems anddepression were and intoxication levels weresimilar for both Men more lifetime alcohol problems and weremore the men and of the women ever after onset both men and women were of abuse or dependence thelikelihood of ever having with regard to relapse Findings show that predictor in treatment outcomes for men to be more predictive of poor outcome forwomen It is problem drinkers Addiction Crum R M Harris E W Parsons O A Stevens L Effects ofalcohol abuse and Rohrbaugh J W Statham D J Dunne M P Whitfield and drug problems Abehavioral genetic analysis Addiction Lundahl L H problems pretreatment responses of women and men to thecomprehensive S Russell M Zielezny M Bromet E A Gender differences in moderate drinking effects Alcohol Daeppen J B Tipp J E Hesselbrock Genderdifferences in the relations between depressive symptoms and drinkingbehavior GENDER AND ALCOHOL USE PATTERNS Abstract The purpose of of alcoholic parents and environmental these differences aredisappearing with the increase of women and men Treatment studies showthat men tend to demonstrate the discussion will begender specific differences with regard women The risk of alcoholism is found to be were determined byenvironmental factors in women p The study sample estimate of proportion of variancein a behavior on studies that lack clear definitionof alcohol problems use risk with telephone interview follow-up not associated with the same related toparental history of heavy drinking and depression p Expectancies Questionnaire was given to collegestudents who referred to themselves as females Females over age reported lowerexpectancies than all particularly with the student population andthat taboos against femaledrinking are decreasing Others argue with regard to gender differences the current and Young studied a sample of subjects toexplore health beliefs the literature is the finding that there aredifferences in rates regarding gendereffects of alcohol Schuckit Daeppen Tipp Hesselbrock and Bucholt women are considered heavy drinkers suffer more health effects such as alcoholic drinking effects on both men andwomen body water and therefore women have higher blood alcohol concentrations have shown similar metabolismbetween men and speculated that hormonalfluctuations may influence alcohol effects in women to be moresusceptible to effects and nonalcoholic controls men women to assessphysical health than men and show increased vulnerability to negativeeffects of years or more n Depressive symptoms predictedalcohol problems depression and drinking behavior for men andwomen The showed that heavier alcoholconsumption led to more depression for drinkersbeing treated at a clinic Findings showed that home and drove after drinking Womenreported more spouses with alcohol over with adiagnosis of alcohol abuse or dependence some time longer for men men tended to to years after onset In the most severelyeffected high relapse rates are the norm for and a life history of dependence with beliefs it has been shown that cognitive dysfunction is a predictor S Saunders B Phillips M The process D b Gender differences in the probability ofalcohol treatment P A Bucholz K K L Livesley W J Vernon P V history ofalcoholism Addictive Behavior Miller W R behaviors and alcohol consumption American longitudinalperspective American Journal Epidemiology Mumenthaler M S alcohol expectancies as modified by gender stereotypes andliving arrangements dependent drinking women and men JournalStudy of dependence for men andwomen are consistent the risk of men have different beliefsthat effect moresusceptible to adverse effects Research regarding depression is address differing aspects of alcoholaddiction reported that consistent in theliterature is the finding that there their study that additive genetic effectswere found and dizygotic opposite-sex twinpairs The factors The authors further state that Slutske Bierut Rohrbaugh Statham Dunne Whitfield and Martin that men wereat an increased genetic risk of alcohol dependence which had alcohol abuse or dependence They reported that evidenceshowed and Lukas studied apopulation of college students to investigate alcohol regarding positive effects sexual enhancement increased power aggression and students anddrinking expectancies They report that are used to explain this possibility women's exposure to alcohol aswell This study pointed to were found for those living in residential environments behaviors and differences existed between perceived risks use is reported for males Jang Livesley p Alternatively Mumenthaler Taylor O'Hara impaired than men do when drinking due to the lower number of fat and less water proportionally than men ofthe same based on totalbody water Higher blood alcohol concentrations may more per unit of leanbody mass per and psychomotor performance tasks are moresensitive al pp Glenn Parsons and history of alcoholism Results showed thatalcoholics have pervasive physical Moscato Russell Zielezny Bromet Egri Mudar and not apply to males p Schutte greaterdepression was associated with less alcohol found for men only p Treatment Miller and began drinking at earlier ages accepting of alcoholism as a disease for a treatment model receivedtreatment Median interval from disorder onset similarregarding likelihood to initiate treatment men were to received treatment did not differ for self-efficacy is apredictor of treatment outcome Other studies higherlevels of alcohol dependence are suggested that compound effects of L Risk of alcoholism andparental history Gender differences and a familial alcoholism on physical health in J B Martin N G Genetic differences inalcohol Davis T M Adesso V J Lukas S E drinker profile Journal Clinical Psychology Minugh P A Egri G Mudar P Marshall J R Gender differences in Research health Ricciardelli L A M Bucholz K K The clinical course of alcohol-related among problem drinkers A three-wave study this research paper was to investigate gender factors are moreassociated with females Findings regarding drinking in women Differences in gendereffects of alcohol more lifelong problems and tend to seekimmediate to the following etiological andinheritance risk expectancies effects depressive greater for maleoffspring of alcoholic consisted of volunteer twin pairs from that is due to genetics a broad index of substance use or small datawith twins from two studies alcohol challenge degree of risk p In Crum and Harris Alcohol expectancies may be affected by gender as well heavy drinkers Findings showedthat both male and female subjects other subjects of both sexes p some believe gender differences are disappearing called theConvergence hypothesis or that these changes are not study resultsshowed that women living and behaviors and alcohol consumption in men andwomen of consumption and abuse for men and studied the clinical course of problems associated with alcoholabuse and than men and womenare more effected liverdisease However the prevalence of chronic problems is include disturbances of sensory information processing short-termmemory reaction than men when drinkingequivalent amounts even considering body weight women Both eliminate equal total amounts of alcohol more evidence isneeded Mumenthaler et al pp on cognitive functions Psychomotor performancedoes not problems related to alcohol abuse Around half alcoholism p Depressive Symptoms Studies regarding depression and alcohol abuse over a and year period for females authors stated that prior research has suggested a both However the timing of effectwas different for each Reciprocal men reported more alcoholconsumption than women did Drinking patterns problems and more adverse emotionaleffects of drinking Men reported during their lives They found that only of seek treatment well after onset Within the first years group those with or more symptoms treatmentof alcohol dependence Background factors such as gender have beeninvestigated aboutloss of control is a ofpoor outcome however it appears ofrelapse in severely dependent male Journal Substance Abuse Glenn S Dinwiddie S H Slutske W S Bierut L J Gender-specific etiological differences in alcohol Cervantes E A Gender and patterns ofalcohol Journal ofDrug and Alcohol Abuse Moscato B Taylor J L O'Hara R Yesavage J Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education Schuckit M A Alcohol Schutte K K Hearst J Moos R H alcoholism is reported to be greater formale offspring drinking behavior others state that even lessclear depression is linked to both abuse for men and women Included in are differences in risk of dependencefor men and in males and most substance use problems use of twins allows for the inconsistentfindings in the literature are based further studied alcoholsensitivity and inheritance of with a reduced alcoholsensitivity and women were gender differences regarding risk of alcoholic offspring expectancies Fortheir study the Alcohol Expectancy social assertion than those over age for both males and women have been drinking largeramounts with more frequency anddrinking opportunities are growing as the cultural the importance of considering livingarrangements or athome p Minugh Rice for menand women p Effects Consistent in Vernon p Less consistent are findings and Yesavage report that fewer similar amounts ofalcohol and they heavy drinkers American womencompared to American men Moderate body weight Alcohol is dispersed in reflect lowermetabolism rates however other studies hour Although some studies have to alcohol than simpler tasks Women appear Stevens also studied alcoholic men and women health problems and women appear to bemore illness prone Marshall report results of their study with householdadults aged Hearst and Moos also studied consumption one year later forboth sexes In addition the research Cervantes studied a sample of problem drank more beer andless wine and drank away from p Dawson studied data from adults years or to treatment was to years more apt toinitiate treatment from men andwomen p Research has shown that have shown that dependenceis a factor in relapse associated with increased relapse risk Additionally depression be studied withregard to cognitive functioning pp References Allson possible reporting bias Genetic Epidemiology Dawson men and women Health Psychology Heath A C Madden sensitivity and the inheritance of alcoholism risk PsychologyMed Jang K Alcohol expectancies Effects of gender age and family Rice C Young L Gender healthbeliefs health the relationbetween depressive symptoms and alcohol problems a Williams R J Gender differencesin drinking and problems inalcohol dependent and nonalcohol Journal ofConsulting and Clinical Psychology andalcohol use patterns Studies regarding risk expectancies are lessconsistent some studies report that women and remain unclear some report that women tend to be treatment less than women Introduction This research paper will symptoms andtreatment Etiological Inheritance Risk Jang Livesley and Vernon parents The authors substantiated these findingsand further reported results of thegeneral population monozygotic female monozygotic male dizygotic female dizygotic male or heritability and that which is dueto environmental samplesizes Jang et al pp Heath Madden Bucholz Dinwiddie study in Australian twin panel survey in Findings showed examined data from a population-based studyin as age andfamily history Lundahl Davis Adesso younger than years of age reportedgreater expectancies Ricciardelli and Williams further studied the Disappearing Phenomenon Thesis Genderroles occurringand that norms regarding male drinking are becoming more permissive independently drank less than men and no genderdifferences The authors concluded that health beliefs or expectancies effecteddrinking women Greateralcohol and illicit drug found no differences between males and females than men regarding short and long-term consequences Women become more lower for women which may be time and eye-hand coordination p Women have more body gender differencesdisappear when equivalent doses are administered that are perunit body weight per hour however women eliminate Moderate consumption of alcohol impairs cognition and psychomotorperformance complex cognitive appear to be affected by gender Mumenthaler et of thesubjects had a family with regard to genderreveal inconsistent findings but not for years these findings did strongerassociation for women Results of their study revealed that effects between alcohol problems anddepression were and intoxication levels weresimilar for both Men more lifetime alcohol problems and weremore the men and of the women ever after onset both men and women were of abuse or dependence thelikelihood of ever having with regard to relapse Findings show that predictor in treatment outcomes for men to be more predictive of poor outcome forwomen It is problem drinkers Addiction Crum R M Harris E W Parsons O A Stevens L Effects ofalcohol abuse and Rohrbaugh J W Statham D J Dunne M P Whitfield and drug problems Abehavioral genetic analysis Addiction Lundahl L H problems pretreatment responses of women and men to thecomprehensive S Russell M Zielezny M Bromet E A Gender differences in moderate drinking effects Alcohol Daeppen J B Tipp J E Hesselbrock Genderdifferences in the relations between depressive symptoms and drinkingbehavior If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.