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Paper Abstract: Evaluates the ruler's motivating forces, skills & accomplishments as a military leader. Paper Introduction: ALEXANDER THE GREAT: THE MAN AND HIS ACCOMPLISHMENTS This research paper summarizes and evaluates Alexander the Great's skills and accomplishments as a military leader and his shortcomings as well as the political gifts which formed part of his complex personality. Alexander (356-323 B.C.) earned the title the Great primarily because of his remarkable military exploits. His accomplishments as a ruler proved to be largely transitory. His lasting legacy was the preservation and spread of Hellenistic culture which his conquests made possible, but which never ran very deep in Persia and regions further to the East. A king at 19 and dead of fever at 33, Alexander in a relatively brief span of time conquered most of the then known world, often in the face of insuperable odds, during the course of campaigns which involved arduous marches over 17,000 miles. He was ab Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. gifts which formed part of his complex personality and spreadof Hellenistic culture which his conquests a relatively briefspan of time conquered most of his father King Philip II of Macedon a enabled his forces tooutmaneuver and repeatedly defeat the much and South Asia During the course of superiority of Greek civilization andhis However after about his dream of prevented him fromrealizing his ambitious dreams hegemony over theGreek mainland and most of the unity of theGreek city states had been shattered had a highly militarized state centered He reorganized his battle formations to In theirattacks Assaulting forces were armed with foot shields With these forces Philip defeated barbarian tribes in theBalkans competitiveness and capacity for leadership andcourage on Alexander was profound Above all he believed to be the son became King of Macedonia in after Philip other than Sparta and induced Philip's death Alexander put down arevolt The Conquest of the Coasts In Alexander crossed overrode the advice of his senior generalParmenio to rest Alexander's ability to size up a Greek populated cities In some cities he appointed Macedonianswith to the newrule by taking into account their national characteristics that his troops could besupplied locally Alexander was as of Miletus and Halicarnassus andlater so as to neutralize the of communications Maihafer said that for one of the he correctly perceivedto be their weakest point their victory at the Battle ofIssus Lucas said dreams of unconditional victoryover the the offer Wilcken said the as asavior from the detested the Libyan desert where he in anyevent his followers propagated In Asia King Midas would become Lord ofAsia Alexander cut out to be a superhuman divine being to whom that size at the Battle to fight and turn in all directions and and Darius fled Eventually Darius was murdered by some of could have returnedhome Instead he acted said by these actions he results The New Great King Alexander then launched campaigns with a marked change in became commonplace Alexander's Macedonians gradually became disaffected He demands for loyalty In a conspiracy against his liferesulted In in Samarkhand at a drunken party Alexander Alexanderslew Cleitus with his sword and because he objected to the Hyrcania and Parthia and then on lightly armed highly mobile units have never been equalled From the Indus to support was to spreadhis newfound about Alexander invaded thewestern part of India through King Porusand his war elephants on the plains In oneassault on a fortified city Alexander was wounded in However hismagnificent Macedonian officers and men refused to tried to lead a partof his forces back to Persia Final Dreams Last Years Finally back in Persia remainingMacedonian officers to marry Persian women while he married the as a god Planning furthercampaigns in the Arabian peninsula clearly has not fared well and hisself-divination The Roman historian Arrian captured Alexander's yearningspirit when had been no other competition he wouldhave competed against lust for glory belief in his own of men Hewas astute politically Row Fox Robin Lane Alexander The Great London Penguin Books North Carolina P Hornblower Simon The Greek World B History Feb Robinson Charles Alexander Richards New York W W Norton Alexander the Great'sskills and accomplishments as a as a ruler proved tobe largely to the East A king at and which involved arduousmarches over miles He was able to do He was an exceptionally courageous and achieve even moreremarkable victories in attract allies to his cause Free of any politicalideology other knew how toexpand the power and logistical base supporters in his army and at home many century and a half after Athens and by the Peloponnesian Wars and internaldecay had passed its peak the Greeks by defeating them to inherit the most formidable army in Europe Philip used combined arms artillery siege a delta-shaped wedge-formation suppported by dense phalanxes eight Alexander was trained as a warrior and Chaeronea He was also thoroughly grounded in Greek poetry philosophyand Olympias was descended from Priam the King of Troy a profound belief in the Olympiangods revolts in the Balkans AfterChaeronea Philip succeeded a war of revenge against the Persian Athens leniently because he knew he would satraps decided not toretreat but rather to confront Alexander fighting was ferocious Alexander himself was when nothingmore subtle was required Alexander then supported oligarchies Alexander set updemocracies Wilcken said that point match the wealth cities fell to him without a Tyre by building acauseway Alexander pursued a sound strategy in Syria where Darius the Persian Emperor moved his main force he quickly recovered his aplomb After reconnoitering the Persianlines Persian center In theface of Alexander's pell-mell charge Darius even entirely because of Alexander'simprovisations but also due to Issus Darius offered to cede him the King or Lord of all Asia In Alexander great repository of Hellenicculture for centuries He made a Greekgod Zeus a myth in whoever could separate a shaft from the yoke of coast of Asia Minor his court historian Callisthenes noting thefavorable from Egypt into northern Mesopotamiawith an army of about where the deployment of his chariots and cavalry however a tactical reserve to counter Persian attacks on hisflanks to avenge the Greek score with their traditional Persian Persians and points east He gave Darius and his familyroyal to Fox the hellenization of to explorethose regions and conquer of proskynesis the paying of obeisance flow of Asiatic aristocrats At the same time according to innocent Stoneman said Alexander needed absolute loyalty and support course of which Cleitus made disparaging another plotagainst Alexander the Conspiracy a number of campaigns in into the desolate new tactics in countering guerrilla warfare in the Hindu Kush Dupuy and Dupuy vastdistances between strong points and hostile to protect his baggagetrains A few of his River At the Battle of elephants Alexander defeated Poros whom he spared out ofdeference to Aristotle hadtold him was the eastern and his demands unreasonable The retreat by waterdown he was still willingto share the privations In a pragmatic stepdesigned to consolidate his to the Greek city-states and and noarrangements for his succession his empire eventually disintegrated is thus scarce orproblematic Earlier classical histories varied from withany of his conquests he and still others his success in spreading historians Alexander was an extraordinarily gifted warriorand military toohuman failing Works CitedDupuy R Ernest and Trevor R Dupuy N G L The Genius of Leaders New York Military P Maihafer Harry Alexander The Great London Routledge ALEXANDER THE GREAT THE MAN AND HIS Alexander B C earned the title the Great primarily made possible but which neverran very the then known world often in the face ofinsuperable odds superbly trainedand disciplined army a burgeoning alliance with more populous and wealthierPersian Empire his conquests Alexander displayed considerablepolitical astuteness which enabled him own destiny he was ruthless toward his enemies anEurasian empire caused him to for further conquests and consolidation Aegean Sea area By the by a century of internecine wars and internal around theKing his Companions officers and his Men include the concept ofconcentration of force first developed by the long lances or sarissas They attacked on such as the Illyrians and Thracians then turned his which he displayed in when learnt from Aristotleto put faith in the of the goddess Thetis Hammond wasassassinated He spent the next two years eliminating them to join a Hellenic in Thebes which he destroyed He forced the Hellespont with a relatively smallforce Macedonian-led but and regroup He led an immediate situationquickly and his readiness to deliver the Persian title of satrap but Hornblower said that and bybeing prepared to secure to them much a master of the siege gun during his rapid march down the Phoenician coast he Persian fleet beforehe sought out the Persian host in fewtimes in his life Alexander was left-center Sensing a gap in the Persianline Alexander victory went to the Macedonians not only because Persians began to mature After Alexander captured victory at Issus produced a great change in Persians and made Pharaoh or ruler-god Hefounded the received a much disputed message whichreportedly identified him Minor Alexander had takenadvantage of ancient religious beliefs He with his sword the Gordian knot the elements dohomage Wilcken The of Gaugamela Lucas Darius had to avoid becomingenveloped Alexander attacked and exploited gaps his own supporters Virtually unopposed Alexander captured the fabulously wealthyPersian less like a conqueror and did everything possible to conciliate Persianopinion Over time into the Caspian Sea and Oxus Riverareas of Central Asia his personalhabits and means of rule sent many of themhome Hammond said Alexander brought into his in the execution of one of his senior aides and one of hisofficers Cleitus who had saved Alexander's life thereafter was consumed for several dayswith practice of proskynesis The bulk of his remaining Macedonian core into parts of modernAfghanistan Bactria and Sogdiana To fight In some ofthose campaigns Alexander confounded his enemies by the Persian Gulf Alexander's campaign wealth to win the support of local chieftains and the high mountain passes west of Kabul anddescended into of Punjab Through the use the lung Herecovered and wished advance another step According to Stoneman through the Gedrosian desert men werelost Stoneman said Alexander was no longerthinking of his Sogdianprincess Roxane In Alexander dismissed and elsewhere Alexander contractedmalaria in Babylon and died at thehands of history Almost all original sources were he said in A D he himself Fox Modern historians have striven forgreater balance some emphasizing destiny anda restless drive to but his pursuit of superhuman power eventuallyturned into Hackett Sir John Ed Warfare in the Ancient World C London Methuen Lucas James Ed Command Jr The History of Alexander The Great military leader and his shortcomings aswell as the political transitory His lasting legacy was the preservation dead of fever at Alexander in so in part because heinherited from inspiring leaderof men in arms His innovations in military tactics the remote forbidding and hostile mountainous andarid regions of Central than his belief in the of his small conquering force byaccommodating to local customs of whombecame disenchanted with him His premature death Sparta defeated thePersians in B C the Greek city-states exercised of power According to Hammond the at the Battle of Chaeronea in The Macedonians emphasized constant drill maneuvering and strict discipline guns and archers cavalry and foot infantry rows deep armed with pikesand displayed at anearly age extraordinary politics by his tutor Aristotle Hammond said the influence ofAristotle and from the Greekhero Achilles who was whom he hoped to rival or even surpass Alexander imposing an uneasy peace on all the Greek city-states Empire When some of them became restive after need itsfleet to counter the large Persian naval threat with makeshift positions at theGranicus River Alexander nearly killed According to Hackett the Battle ofGranicus River highlights proceeded down the western coast of Anatolia liberating he wished to reconcile them of Persia By his prudenttreatment of local populations Alexander ensured fight he carried out successfulsieges against the Persian naval bases capturing the ports and fortsalong the Mediterranean coast into a blocking position just north of and astrideAlexander's lines he secured his flanks and attacked at what lost his nerve and fled thebattlefield thus ensuring another Macedonian their sheer hard fighting ability During this campaign Alexander's western PersianEmpire plus the equivalent of million Alexander rejected entered Egypt in triumph where he was welcomed pilgrimage to the oracle of Ammon in Siwahin which Alexander apparently believed and which anoxcart on an ancient Phrygian palace of confluence of weather on his military operations said Alexanderis made he met a Persian army of perhaps fivetimes Alexander developed a fighting square which enabled hisformations Once more Alexander smashed through the Persians enemy That yearrepresented a sharp break in Alexander's career He burials He appointed many Persians to key positions Hammond Iran was notdeep or wide enough for permanent various hostile tribes Stoneman said this stageof Alexander's expedition coincides to the newKing through bowing scraping and special kisses Stoneman there was an increasing paranoia and absolutenessin his and would stop at nothingto get it remarksconcerning Alexander's Asian policy and his divinity In a rage of the Pages and was eventuallyexecuted probably wastes of easternand northern Persia and inmounting attacks based on stated Alexander's accomplishments in mountain warfare andagainst irregular forces populations in between Alexander's new approach to ensure proper logistic Greek settlements survived for centuries With a multinational army of Hydaspes inMarch Alexander surprised the warriors of a local potentate his conduct in battle and converted into a vassal extremity of the Asian land mass the Indus River went smoothly but when Alexander of his men refused to drink water empire he ordered of his demanded that the Greeks worship him Historians' Views of Alexander Robinson said Alexander quite hagiography toearly Greek accounts which condemned him for his Persianization would always have searched beyond forsomething unknown and if there Greek civilization Conclusion Driven by an unbounded genius He was an inspiring and courageous leader The Encyclopedia of Military History New York Harper Alexander The Great Chapel Hill U of J Upset at Issus Military Wilcken Ulrich Alexander The Great Trans G C ACCOMPLISHMENTS This research paper summarizes and evaluates because ofhis remarkable military exploits His accomplishments deep in Persia and regions further during the course of campaigns Greek city-states and asense of mission in five years He then went on to to exploit weaknesses among hisadversaries and to but surprisinglymoderate toward many individuals and peoples he conquered He succumb to megalomaniac tendencies and tolose touch with his own ofhis empire Greeks and Persians During the mid th century Athens which had been weakened revolutions Philip II effectively achieveddominance over under Arms According toHammond Alexander was Theban general Epaminondasthrough his oblique order of battle The Macedonians an angle and were lined up in attention tothe Greeks In his youth he led the decisive cavalry chargeat intellect His mother and Philip's third wife said that Alexander always had opposition to hisrule within palace circles and quelling League whichsubscribed to the cause of the Greeks to declare himHegemon He treated containing many Greeks consisting of infantry and cavalry Maihafer Persian cavalry charge across theriver Alexander's forces were victorious but the a direct coup de main since in mostcities Persia had their old traditions Macedoniacould not at as wars of movement Although most usedconsiderable ingenuity in capturing an offshore fort at the interior However his campaignnearly came apart in northern both outsmarted and outmaneuvered However swung through it and rolled up the they hadthe better battle plan nor Darius' mother wife and children at Alexander who began to refer to himself as city of Alexandria which became a as the son of Ammon recognized also as the took a detour to Gordium wherelegend had it that Later as he drovedown the Pillars of Empire Crumble Revictualled Alexander marched selecteda flat plain which favored in the Persian line andused skillfully capital of Persepolis and Babylon He had Persepolis burned in more like he was the Kingof the Medes and Alexander and his rule became more and morePersianized However according at first in pursuit of Darius and then As Persian dress court and other customs including the practice entourage and society andhis cavalry a steady Philotas and thelatter's father Parmenio who were probably at Granicus River gotinto a quarrel during the deep remorse Later Callisthenes was implicated in and his new allies followedhim in in these inhospitable regions Alexander developed making river crossingson rafts of straw and outflanking mountain redoubts in the East from Persia to India involved to establishnew fortified settlements to protect his rear and the valley of the Indus ofclever flanking movements river crossings and various techniques whichstampeded the to push onto to the River Ganges which they found Alexander's continuing ambitionincomprehensible during a day march in which Alexander to show kingdom as a Macedonian one Macedonian veterans issued his unpopular decree allowing exiles to return of fever in With no male heir lost According toStoneman direct evidence for Alexander's career would not have remained content his ruthlessness others his militaryexploits explore and conquer the unknown Alexander will remainan enigma to megalomania His reach finally exceeded his grasp an all New York Facts on File Hammond A Historical Dictionary of Military Volume I Providence Brown U Stoneman Richard gifts which formed part of his complex personality and spreadof Hellenistic culture which his conquests a relatively briefspan of time conquered most of his father King Philip II of Macedon a enabled his forces tooutmaneuver and repeatedly defeat the much and South Asia During the course of superiority of Greek civilization andhis However after about his dream of prevented him fromrealizing his ambitious dreams hegemony over theGreek mainland and most of the unity of theGreek city states had been shattered had a highly militarized state centered He reorganized his battle formations to In theirattacks Assaulting forces were armed with foot shields With these forces Philip defeated barbarian tribes in theBalkans competitiveness and capacity for leadership andcourage on Alexander was profound Above all he believed to be the son became King of Macedonia in after Philip other than Sparta and induced Philip's death Alexander put down arevolt The Conquest of the Coasts In Alexander crossed overrode the advice of his senior generalParmenio to rest Alexander's ability to size up a Greek populated cities In some cities he appointed Macedonianswith to the newrule by taking into account their national characteristics that his troops could besupplied locally Alexander was as of Miletus and Halicarnassus andlater so as to neutralize the of communications Maihafer said that for one of the he correctly perceivedto be their weakest point their victory at the Battle ofIssus Lucas said dreams of unconditional victoryover the the offer Wilcken said the as asavior from the detested the Libyan desert where he in anyevent his followers propagated In Asia King Midas would become Lord ofAsia Alexander cut out to be a superhuman divine being to whom that size at the Battle to fight and turn in all directions and and Darius fled Eventually Darius was murdered by some of could have returnedhome Instead he acted said by these actions he results The New Great King Alexander then launched campaigns with a marked change in became commonplace Alexander's Macedonians gradually became disaffected He demands for loyalty In a conspiracy against his liferesulted In in Samarkhand at a drunken party Alexander Alexanderslew Cleitus with his sword and because he objected to the Hyrcania and Parthia and then on lightly armed highly mobile units have never been equalled From the Indus to support was to spreadhis newfound about Alexander invaded thewestern part of India through King Porusand his war elephants on the plains In oneassault on a fortified city Alexander was wounded in However hismagnificent Macedonian officers and men refused to tried to lead a partof his forces back to Persia Final Dreams Last Years Finally back in Persia remainingMacedonian officers to marry Persian women while he married the as a god Planning furthercampaigns in the Arabian peninsula clearly has not fared well and hisself-divination The Roman historian Arrian captured Alexander's yearningspirit when had been no other competition he wouldhave competed against lust for glory belief in his own of men Hewas astute politically Row Fox Robin Lane Alexander The Great London Penguin Books North Carolina P Hornblower Simon The Greek World B History Feb Robinson Charles Alexander Richards New York W W Norton Alexander the Great'sskills and accomplishments as a as a ruler proved tobe largely to the East A king at and which involved arduousmarches over miles He was able to do He was an exceptionally courageous and achieve even moreremarkable victories in attract allies to his cause Free of any politicalideology other knew how toexpand the power and logistical base supporters in his army and at home many century and a half after Athens and by the Peloponnesian Wars and internaldecay had passed its peak the Greeks by defeating them to inherit the most formidable army in Europe Philip used combined arms artillery siege a delta-shaped wedge-formation suppported by dense phalanxes eight Alexander was trained as a warrior and Chaeronea He was also thoroughly grounded in Greek poetry philosophyand Olympias was descended from Priam the King of Troy a profound belief in the Olympiangods revolts in the Balkans AfterChaeronea Philip succeeded a war of revenge against the Persian Athens leniently because he knew he would satraps decided not toretreat but rather to confront Alexander fighting was ferocious Alexander himself was when nothingmore subtle was required Alexander then supported oligarchies Alexander set updemocracies Wilcken said that point match the wealth cities fell to him without a Tyre by building acauseway Alexander pursued a sound strategy in Syria where Darius the Persian Emperor moved his main force he quickly recovered his aplomb After reconnoitering the Persianlines Persian center In theface of Alexander's pell-mell charge Darius even entirely because of Alexander'simprovisations but also due to Issus Darius offered to cede him the King or Lord of all Asia In Alexander great repository of Hellenicculture for centuries He made a Greekgod Zeus a myth in whoever could separate a shaft from the yoke of coast of Asia Minor his court historian Callisthenes noting thefavorable from Egypt into northern Mesopotamiawith an army of about where the deployment of his chariots and cavalry however a tactical reserve to counter Persian attacks on hisflanks to avenge the Greek score with their traditional Persian Persians and points east He gave Darius and his familyroyal to Fox the hellenization of to explorethose regions and conquer of proskynesis the paying of obeisance flow of Asiatic aristocrats At the same time according to innocent Stoneman said Alexander needed absolute loyalty and support course of which Cleitus made disparaging another plotagainst Alexander the Conspiracy a number of campaigns in into the desolate new tactics in countering guerrilla warfare in the Hindu Kush Dupuy and Dupuy vastdistances between strong points and hostile to protect his baggagetrains A few of his River At the Battle of elephants Alexander defeated Poros whom he spared out ofdeference to Aristotle hadtold him was the eastern and his demands unreasonable The retreat by waterdown he was still willingto share the privations In a pragmatic stepdesigned to consolidate his to the Greek city-states and and noarrangements for his succession his empire eventually disintegrated is thus scarce orproblematic Earlier classical histories varied from withany of his conquests he and still others his success in spreading historians Alexander was an extraordinarily gifted warriorand military toohuman failing Works CitedDupuy R Ernest and Trevor R Dupuy N G L The Genius of Leaders New York Military P Maihafer Harry Alexander The Great London Routledge If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.