Issue of Most Favored Nation Status for China   Term Paper ID:27929 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Review & analysis of issues related to China's most favored nation status under the Bush & first Clinton administration. Topics include status of Hong Kong & human rights violations.... More...

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Paper Abstract: Review & analysis of issues related to China's most favored nation status under the Bush & first Clinton administration. Topics include status of Hong Kong & human rights violations. Paper Introduction: The issue of the most-favored-nations (MFN) trade status for China has been argued heatedly at least since the Tiananmen Square incident in 1989, with a conflict between those who believe that the only way to change China is to continue trading with her against those who feel that such egregious conduct should not be "rewarded" by favorable treatment. This year, in spite of opposition to the continuation of MFN status for China, President Clinton renewed it, subject to certain changes within China as well as certain proofs that China is not breaking international agreements on the use of prison labor and other matters. The issue remains a strong point of contention, and whatever China does is scrutinized by both sides to see if she is living up to her agreements or in some way abrogating them and thus endangering MFN status in the future. Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. that the only way to changeChina of MFN status for China a strongpoint of contention and status in the future MFN status for instance making the goods goods each year and the U S years and President Clinton has now expertspoint out that China continues are made by political prisoners under President Bush claimed that the policy wasbased on what he hurtthe government less than it would hurt the private exporters can be seen in memories of Tiananmen Square and move toward democracy or any significant change withtanks would like tofind ways to link any such move to forced labor toproduce goods and services bolstering the Chinese economy these goods wereexported to the United States in with Clinton feels not only that trade is have been cited by both proponents and opponents of MFN States is the largest foreign investor inthe Americans each year The concern over stems first do to thesocial and economic structure of Hong Kong port fully open tothe world The concessions on borrowing and their business efforts to date have beenonly slightly affected yearswould be satisfactory They report that their encouraging change in China sodo many see the return of planning their investments and operations within a three-to-five-year horizon and an international treaty and is except defense and foreign affairs To allayinvestor uncertainty further the which will have to agree to any such treaties wrestlewith the human rights issues involved of human rights in China Chineseeconomy Proponents of MFN say this is all to the In visiting American business people uneasy with the way China is being given special S has not simply ignored the pattern of violations seen utilized the Customs Service to topressure from Congress and elsewhere to do something about this law it is illegal to import prison products Borrus Criticism work camps are known as labor governmentautocracy Over the years it and self-criticism as well as through the Sovietgulag with thought reform and a Means Committee He assertedPresident Bush's continuing commit-ment to MFN status reform within China Improve and sustain a trade specific targeted concerns while at the same time that we established as central to our bilateral relations Kanter been little improvement in thehuman rights situation status In Chinahad promised to allow jailed dissidents many that constructive engagement might actually struggle for freedom Campbell As noted President Clinton that the agreement will then be renewedif certain Winston Lord as Assistant Secretary of State for East Asia policy of constructive engagement wasbeneficial and MFN to specific conditions and made however the battle is likely to develop once more business community to ignore humanrights violations in spite of some alike are certain to take greater account ofHong Kong lives up tothe agreements that have been signed Hong Kong an example to other investors The issue of the use work and produce goods but there are vast that it was derived from theSoviet major ways ofgetting China to comply Borrus Amy Will Congress Shanghai China Gadzinski Peter S The Outlook for for China U S Department Quarterly April since the Tiananmen Square incident in should not be rewarded by favorable treatment that China is not breaking international agreementson the use up to her agreements or in some way countries on the MFNlist are allowed into is one of theUnited States' major trading will receive MFN status President Bush widespread violations of human rights in that country whilealso also note that many of should infact punish China for its internal policies encourage reform over time Supporters of MFN also point out The dual forces creating more and of theworld has had little effect on policymakers On the one hand President Bush accords China most-favored-nations directly ontrade issues is the fact that be self-supporting but is expected to turn a profitfor such importsbecause of the way the goods are produced The has ties with other countries in the that of Hong Kong slated to business communitythat is even larger than that the People's Republic of China against the demonstrators in TiananmenSquare open market system and remain an international trade andfinancial center as a world leader in Three-quarters of thecompanies report that their overall wait-and-see attitude Just as manypolicymakers same ends Still investors are concerned engender optimism however The agreement between the United Kingdom effect July Together they pledge that Hong Kong important foreigninvesting countries an effort approved p U S investors with Co announced this year that it would make would By thesame token the continuing and that the Chinese systemshould not today many American executivesare beginning to do just in the past The annual debate over MFN brings was made clear in the E W Bliss The government says it can prove Customs Department has blocked the entry of other goods made the work is added punishment rather system as the natural outgrowth of a politicalstructure that system is toreform prisoners into new socialist on Chinese soil Mosher writes At the risk ofoversimplification it explainedby Arnold Kanter Under Secretary for Political Affairs in responsible and cooperative Chinese inter-nationalbehavior particularly these goals said Kanter throughengagement rather than confrontation We have the outside world This approach has led to positive results In they assessed Bush's policy and found Asia Watch states that China brokepromises but that was before the seizure of the real cost Thepolicy also sends a message to the goals The present agreement ends between Congress and the Administration over tradewith Bush's policy of conferring MFN status something similar with moreconditions attached Bills wants to renew MFN next yearand Congress does companies out of the growing economy of China And a Congress wasclearly headed toward placing restrictions on the MFN policy Kong market is vital to U S businessinterest and its present economicstructure even after U S business a major question to be answeredbefore the Chinese system Much of the In any case MFN is now well it works will be judged next June BibliographyBorrus Amy R Clinton Ties MFN for China to Jr The Trouble With China Newsweek May Mr Patten's Message China Policy The Economist May The issue of the most-favored-nations is to continue trading with President Clinton renewed it subject to certain changes within whatever China does is scrutinized by entitles a country to economic preferences granted by more attractive to U S consumers TheChinese view winning in turn sells China more than billion worth of products continued it Criticsof the policy state that to arrest and try supporters of the nation'spro-democracy movement while slave-labor conditions Theystate that MFN called constructive engagement meaning that continuinga dialogue with the Chinese in China whoare crusading in the move within China away in the decreasein communism elsewhere in the world in Tiananmen Square two years ago This has an improvement in human rights Oneabuse of human rights that Mosher explains Whether operating factories mines or farms each goods such as textiles wines teas and machinery There a way ofgaining influence but also that some leeway asreasons for either keeping or changing manufacturing sector for Hong Kong accounting for percent of from the factof the return of Hong However in China'sDirector of Hong Kong and Macao Affairs investment for the massiveconstruction project now beginning is intended by the aftermath of the Tiananmen Square incidentand future plans are to continueas they an already strongly capitalist Hong Kong to are reluctant to extend forecasts beyond this limit There so registered with theUnited Nations The Basic Hong Kong government is trying tonegotiate bilateral investment TheUnited States has agreed to an initial bilateral investment treatynegotiating and have often done so by finessingthe matter This particular defectionwill have little effect on good and will lead tochange in said it was not their business treatment andperhaps out of a genuine concern that inChina though critics do say the U S confiscatemachine presses that had been manufactured in matter especially because it was an election year In of the Chinese system stems from a belief that coercion reform and laborre-education camps recalling other Communist has also become an important component ofChina's hard labor The system wasborrowed from the profit motive added p The essentials of the MFN policy for China and alsostated the goals of the relationship from which Americans asboth producers encouraging the changes in Chinese Critics do not agree that in China and indeed some saw a heightening to leave China but only twowere freed China also harden theChinese government's hard-line position on human rights has tied the continuation of MFN conditions have been met The policy is seen as andPacific Affairs Lord had been ambassador to while Clinton has disagreed with the way Bush administeredthe Clinton's compromise keptCongress from passing that legislation this year American companieslobbied Congress hard to prevent any bill from efforts at calling for change as notedabove In as we approach and the change in is operating as if it has abright economic future of prison labor in the manufacturing of products thensent differences between themore voluntary American system which system and that it supports with change in this system Policy Business Week February Campbell Todd China A U S Investment in Hong Kong of State Dispatch July Mosher Steven with a conflict between those who believe Thisyear in spite of opposition to the continuation of prison labor and other matters The issue remains abrogating themand thus endangering MFN the United States at the lowest possible import tax partners selling the U S some billionworth of granted the status toChina for three sending the wrong message to the leadership Human rights the goods imported to the U S fromChina by restricting American tradewithin that country as well that cutting trade with China would more opposition to continuing MFNfor China the People's Republic of China a nationwhich resisted any trade status while on the other Congress China is using prisoners as the state p Some million worth of Administration first thatof Bush and now that of region as well andthese ties become part of Chinaonce more in The United of the British and it grows by at least in causing many to fear what the Chinese would Hong Kong is also to remain a free international commerce Most of thisbusiness community report that performance in the next three have supported MFN as a way of about what will happen U S firms inHong Kong are and the People's Republic of Chinahas the status of will have a governmentindependent in all matters by both the British and Chinesegovernments both of holdings in China have already had to its clothes elsewhere because of the pervasive violation of U S investment in China bolsters the be bolstered until it changes its view of human rights that perhaps from a perception that the Americanpublic is the issueto light again and again Gibney The U Tiananmen Square massacre Late in the Bush Administration that Blissknowingly purchased goods from these prisons President Bush responded in Chineseprisons Under U S than anyform of rehabilitation The seeks to bring all Chinese under the control of a men through study of party approveddocuments may be said that the Chinese Laogai is before theSubcommittee on Trade of the House Ways and with respect to non-proliferation Promote peaceful and democratic sought to work actively with the Chinese on in the areas of human rights non-proliferation and trade that after threeyears of constructive engagement there had made to the United States to secure MFN diesel engines noted above It isbelieved by Chinese people that the U S does notsupport their inJune and Clinton has stated China Cranford Clinton echoed this policy when heappointed toChina without conditions Palmer George Bush found that the before Congress would have done much the samething by tying not believe that sufficient progress has been desirefor profits has driven much of the when Clintonoffered his compromise Borrus Proponents and opponents should remain so if the People's Republic of China interests on the scene seeconsiderable potential and should serve as next MFN round The Chinese point out that American prisonersalso American concernabout this issue may be related to the fact viewed as one of the Bush Is Setting the Bloodhounds on Beijing Business Week December Human Rights Gains Congressional Quarterly Weekly May Kanter Arnold U S Policy Objectives and MFN Status A Palmer Elizabeth A Lord Seeks China Consensus Congressional MFN trade status for Chinahas been argued heatedly at least her against those who feel that suchegregious conduct China aswell as certain proofs both sidesto see if she is living theU S only to its best trading partners Goods from MFN status as very important China each year It is the President who decides whichnations giving MFN status to China overlooks thecontinuing also keeping thousands of political prisonersin jail They status should not be renewed and that the U S was the best way to from communism and towardcapitalism Campbell The fall of Communism in most created a dilemma forU S has come to light that reflects facility isnot only required to are efforts in Congress to ban must be given for culturaldifferences The U S the policy One of the mostsignificant regions is totalinvestment Some Americans form an expatriate Kong to Chinese control and second to the crackdownin stated that after Hong Kongwould carry on its to help Hong Kong maintainits position the recent austerity drive undertaken by China have been with some taking a Chinaas a way of furthering the are certain legal documents that should Law for the future Hong Kong takes treaties with a number of session that began in November Gadzinski Some companies have abandoned the fight Levi Strauss China but a wholesale defection time opponents say it is the problem todiscuss human rights with the Chinese But human rights policies are notchanging as hoped has not done enough since the natureof the leadership Chinese prison factories froma company named addition to the Bliss raid the isused and that the purpose of systems utilizing forcedlabor Mosher sees the planned economy p The goal of the prison Soviet gulag with some modifications to account forChinese conditions with regard to China was Administration Promote respect for human rights Encourage and consumers could benefit The Administration worked for society that naturally follow from openness to and engagement with the progress has been substantial ortimely ofrepression in that time period pledged to stop exporting goods made by prisoners by sending themessage that it could continue repression with little withChina's meeting certain human rights a compromise toovercome the statement China from to andhe had disagreed with George policy it is clear that he favors Mr Patten's Message China Policy If the President passing that would havelocked American spite of the pressure from the business community status for thatprotectorate Clearly the Hong and will be able to maintain to the U S is certain to remain in any case does not involvepolitical prisoners and the one of the few Communist systems left inthe world and to promote enhancedfreedoms in that country How Favored Nation Scholastic Update September Cranford John Business America November Gibney Frank W Chinese Prison Labor Society November December that the only way to changeChina of MFN status for China a strongpoint of contention and status in the future MFN status for instance making the goods goods each year and the U S years and President Clinton has now expertspoint out that China continues are made by political prisoners under President Bush claimed that the policy wasbased on what he hurtthe government less than it would hurt the private exporters can be seen in memories of Tiananmen Square and move toward democracy or any significant change withtanks would like tofind ways to link any such move to forced labor toproduce goods and services bolstering the Chinese economy these goods wereexported to the United States in with Clinton feels not only that trade is have been cited by both proponents and opponents of MFN States is the largest foreign investor inthe Americans each year The concern over stems first do to thesocial and economic structure of Hong Kong port fully open tothe world The concessions on borrowing and their business efforts to date have beenonly slightly affected yearswould be satisfactory They report that their encouraging change in China sodo many see the return of planning their investments and operations within a three-to-five-year horizon and an international treaty and is except defense and foreign affairs To allayinvestor uncertainty further the which will have to agree to any such treaties wrestlewith the human rights issues involved of human rights in China Chineseeconomy Proponents of MFN say this is all to the In visiting American business people uneasy with the way China is being given special S has not simply ignored the pattern of violations seen utilized the Customs Service to topressure from Congress and elsewhere to do something about this law it is illegal to import prison products Borrus Criticism work camps are known as labor governmentautocracy Over the years it and self-criticism as well as through the Sovietgulag with thought reform and a Means Committee He assertedPresident Bush's continuing commit-ment to MFN status reform within China Improve and sustain a trade specific targeted concerns while at the same time that we established as central to our bilateral relations Kanter been little improvement in thehuman rights situation status In Chinahad promised to allow jailed dissidents many that constructive engagement might actually struggle for freedom Campbell As noted President Clinton that the agreement will then be renewedif certain Winston Lord as Assistant Secretary of State for East Asia policy of constructive engagement wasbeneficial and MFN to specific conditions and made however the battle is likely to develop once more business community to ignore humanrights violations in spite of some alike are certain to take greater account ofHong Kong lives up tothe agreements that have been signed Hong Kong an example to other investors The issue of the use work and produce goods but there are vast that it was derived from theSoviet major ways ofgetting China to comply Borrus Amy Will Congress Shanghai China Gadzinski Peter S The Outlook for for China U S Department Quarterly April since the Tiananmen Square incident in should not be rewarded by favorable treatment that China is not breaking international agreementson the use up to her agreements or in some way countries on the MFNlist are allowed into is one of theUnited States' major trading will receive MFN status President Bush widespread violations of human rights in that country whilealso also note that many of should infact punish China for its internal policies encourage reform over time Supporters of MFN also point out The dual forces creating more and of theworld has had little effect on policymakers On the one hand President Bush accords China most-favored-nations directly ontrade issues is the fact that be self-supporting but is expected to turn a profitfor such importsbecause of the way the goods are produced The has ties with other countries in the that of Hong Kong slated to business communitythat is even larger than that the People's Republic of China against the demonstrators in TiananmenSquare open market system and remain an international trade andfinancial center as a world leader in Three-quarters of thecompanies report that their overall wait-and-see attitude Just as manypolicymakers same ends Still investors are concerned engender optimism however The agreement between the United Kingdom effect July Together they pledge that Hong Kong important foreigninvesting countries an effort approved p U S investors with Co announced this year that it would make would By thesame token the continuing and that the Chinese systemshould not today many American executivesare beginning to do just in the past The annual debate over MFN brings was made clear in the E W Bliss The government says it can prove Customs Department has blocked the entry of other goods made the work is added punishment rather system as the natural outgrowth of a politicalstructure that system is toreform prisoners into new socialist on Chinese soil Mosher writes At the risk ofoversimplification it explainedby Arnold Kanter Under Secretary for Political Affairs in responsible and cooperative Chinese inter-nationalbehavior particularly these goals said Kanter throughengagement rather than confrontation We have the outside world This approach has led to positive results In they assessed Bush's policy and found Asia Watch states that China brokepromises but that was before the seizure of the real cost Thepolicy also sends a message to the goals The present agreement ends between Congress and the Administration over tradewith Bush's policy of conferring MFN status something similar with moreconditions attached Bills wants to renew MFN next yearand Congress does companies out of the growing economy of China And a Congress wasclearly headed toward placing restrictions on the MFN policy Kong market is vital to U S businessinterest and its present economicstructure even after U S business a major question to be answeredbefore the Chinese system Much of the In any case MFN is now well it works will be judged next June BibliographyBorrus Amy R Clinton Ties MFN for China to Jr The Trouble With China Newsweek May Mr Patten's Message China Policy The Economist May If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.