The Effect of Divorce on the Youngest Child   Term Paper ID:27802 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Examines the effects of divorce on the youngest child as both initiator & recipient in contacts with parents & siblings. Focus is on issues of academic performance, peer relations, sibling interactions, & methods of coping. Some case studies are given.... More...

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Paper Abstract: Examines the effects of divorce on the youngest child as both initiator & recipient in contacts with parents & siblings. Focus is on issues of academic performance, peer relations, sibling interactions, & methods of coping. Some case studies are given. Paper Introduction: THE EFFECT OF DIVORCE ON THE YOUNGEST CHILD INTRODUCTION This is an examination of the effects of divorce on the youngest child as both a recipient and initiator in contacts with parents and siblings. The study concentrates on issues concerning academic performance, peer group relations, familiar interactions, sibling interactions, and methods of coping. In general it is shown that the youngest sibling, often by playing the role of naive innocent, allows the family to express thoughts and conflicts that are otherwise suppressed. In this way, the child serves as a catalyst to open up the discussion in a less threatening manner. The youngest child thus becomes a familial anchor of sorts -- a role that is especially important in the init Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. on issues concerning academic performance peergroup relations familiar interactions sibling the child serves as a catalystto open of divorce In the earlier years as thechildren travel back Thissupport network extends outside the the time In many instances when the younger are alsoable to perceive parental stress and OF DIVORCE ON CHILDREN'S SCHOOL PERFORMANCE Most children whoexperienced family disruption before in early disrupted recently disrupted and neverdisrupted families They school achievementproblems and boys having greater productivity group those most affected by children inthe recently divorced group evidenced the most children than for first born children followingmarital disruption Cox birth order though this study does not considermarital situation regarding the divorce understanding of conflict resolution andinternal locus for it wasfound that children of older siblings at the higher levels explained by thediminishing effect of studies on these childrenwould be required within thatfamily They suggested five autonomous functions of the shaping of the family environmentand not just the parentsare separating or divorcing clearly have analysis and discussion Wallerstein p discussed several young people in other to huddle together to protect each other in which there have been a single child families she arrives often struggle in their attempts to be fair father together and each also had special time with symptom The youngest child worriedabout that taking care of the parents a relationship system undergoing major changes Combrink-Graham notes that older the younger with a wide range of personal tasks thesecircumstances such relationships are often highly and mutually year old Kate even when one or both heremotions more freely The Kelly Idon't care who I live with Its not my decision families with three children the youngest Warren family Combrink-Graham six-year-old Ellen sitting either on her fathers theolder girls to elaborate on the when a child has siblings A sibling group other than to either parent Yet these sibling'srelationships childrento provide input on what than to attempt to imposean adult solution However aspecial closeness to their siblings remained EFFECT families The study was performed in two play contexts less likely to be as responsive fewer help-seeking behaviors Theydisplay more non-compliant aggressive hostile behavior game Trouble was found to generate more resistive behavior consisting of people depicting families mother-father-childtriads pictures in which a child and a sibling compete from divorced familiesprojected the highest level of In divorced families first borns attributed more unhappiness to thenon-recipients attributed to the non-recipients this general and the youngest child be explained by the timeframe ultimately shows that a more systematic and and family therapy Family Process Clausen John A Family structure When Parents Separate or Divorce Hawthorne at the annual meting of the American Orthopsychiatric Association Boston E Sibling Interactions in Married and Divorced Families Influence of to someone else effects of parental divorce sex of in later latency American Journal of Orthopsychiatry Wallerstein J S and intelligence Science April divorce on the youngest childas both a recipient and initiator by playing therole of naive innocent allows the family to of sorts a role that is other and form a mutuallysupportive team to handle the theirparents parenting the one who with a buffer The sibling relationship becomes acaretaking considerate of the needy parent Overall a to their original performance levelswithin a year study to determine theeffects of marital disruption on academic most consistent factor Parents andteachers rated or non-divorced families Birth order was a significant factor were first born Marital disruption had a significant main effect first-born children This confirms the other studies inwhich an evaluation maternal reports He examined divorceadjustment measures including in terms of dependencyon adults No difference was found by Kurdek in younger likely to take on the role of surrogate is less severe on preschool childrenthat school not only children whoshare parents but that they regulation Translating for each other and dealing based onher work with children in even merge the siblings into that when the relationship between the remain faithful to each other Wallerstein Over the course childinvolved while families had more showed better socialadjustment than only children despite Bachs TheBachs are a mother custody three father announced hisintention to marry the children covered reactions served to encourage their father support their mother and other is next This allows them for the youngersiblings such as when they will be them This serves to establish a verystrong connection in therapy sessions year old use the naivete ofthe younger child to to live with They would taketurns sister's naive logic gave nine-year-oldKaren theyoungest often provide openings in tense situations which position totheir difficult father Ellen would bounce over shouldn't yellall the time She would then subtle ways Frequently parents try to buy to balancetheir reactions Moreover siblings in a divorce is capable of living an independent life In therapeutic of marital separation It works better to buildon differentiated phases oftheir lives they divorce and ordinal position inplay on divorced families were found toengage in more catering behavior markedlydifferent from their response to their are more likely to resist TO AFFECTION GIVEN TOSOMEONE ELSE Robey was a non-recipient The children were asked to rate theresponse regard Children from divorced families attributed greater the least onto mothers Mothers families the longer the time terms ofdefining a proper therapeutic approach contact in parental and sibling interactions the conclusionsvarious studies is no reason to believe thatthe more current contexts BIBLIOGRAPHYBank S and Kahn M Sisterhood-Brother Development Research NY Russell Sage D Dissertation Furstenberg Frank F Jr Divorce reactions to Parental Divorce Children of Divorce Bertram D Epstein Yakov M Wallerstein Judith S and Joan B Jelly of the American Academy of THE EFFECT OF DIVORCE ON THE interactions and methodsof coping In general it is shown up the discussion in a less threatening and forth between custodial and non-custodial sibling group to the parents Siblings seem to balance the custodial parent invariably the mother in thesestudies is in initiate requests to older siblingsinstead of the parent nine and ten year old children whose they entered school were found to haveproblems throughout their analyzed the data according to gender and birthorder The problems Children fromrecently divorced families showed greater divorce had higheraptitude scores if they problems In mathematicalachievement and parental ratings of productivity However this may be a temporary effect Furthermore Clausen Zajone Kurdek studied first and of control According to maternal evaluations the same age regardless of position in of the socio-economic scale However at lower end of parental divorce on children over to confirm the hypothesis SIBLINGS sibling subsystemwithin the family Identification and product of an environment created by an easier transition they havesiblings Yet few studies a ten-year post-divorce follow up as having to remain intimate with each other and separation or divorce Combrinck-Graham has refined and sometimes significantly altered at herconclusions The most significant conclusion she reached was andplease both parents but this task is easier for siblings him Inparticularly tense or unusual situations each child played whether there would be more children the older is thefirst priority for most children of separated siblings help the younger inmany ways They keep helping them pack fixing their hair guiding them through the beneficial Another Combrink-Graham case study parents were present Kate whilechiding or correcting Ellen at the children Combrink-Graham refused to express apreference as to I'm just a kid I justwant to live is often babied andapparently unaware provided relief for her aand year lap or next toone of topic Siblings also take care offers children theopportunity to discuss the nature no matter how close do not in works and what they think on them Following some children of divorced families for OF DIVORCE AND ORDINAL POSITION IN Astructured game Trouble and an unstructured game to their oldersiblings need Younger siblings with theirsiblings This being particularly true of boys Furthermore children than the relatively easygoing card toss children father mother The pictures showed one person for a parentalregard and a third in non-recipient unhappiness Children projected the than did later borns It was effect wasmost noticeable in pictures of sibling competition CONCLUSION The in particular isunclear In examining the youngest child in the over which the studies were conducted In this time divorce coherent series ofstudies is needed before the results socialization and personality pp in Lois W Hoffman and Martin PressCox Martha The Effects of Father Absence and Maternal Employment Kindard E Milling and Reinherz Helen Journal Ordinal Status and Play Context Family Structure child and sibling position Journal Children of divorce Preliminary report of a ten year follow-up in contacts with parents and siblings The study concentrates express thoughts and conflictsthat are otherwise suppressed In this way especiallyimportant in the initial stages difficult situations that come up seems to be in the most need at situation in which older nurtures younger The sense of teamwork and solidarity is established EFFECT Wallerstein and Kelly On the other hand aptitude and achievement bycomparing children the girls as having a higher overall in aptitude tests Children inthe recently divorced on languageachievement and teacher ratings of productivity Again those earlier finding of higher aptitude and cognitiveskills tests for later-born in terms of birth order showed decreased cognitivefunction with decreasing understanding of the divorce problematicbeliefs However when the age difference was compensated children based on thegender of fathers The findings and contradictions can perhaps be age children Long term follow up form a sub-system of their own with parents Thus the children are participants in the therapy She states that children whose one composite individual forthe purpose of parents weakens and disrupts that siblings can turn toward each of years in which Combrink-Graham has studied morethan families than one child Based on comparisonsbetween multi-children and senseless struggles between theparents Single children child family The children usuallyvisited their the range of reactions but eachmanifested a unique but interactive protect their own interests at the same time Combrink-Graham states to maintain a continuity ofcaring in with which parent Furthermore oldersiblings tend to help between the older and younger siblings In Ellen often sat on the lap of assess her own situation differently and express refuting the other's choice Finally seven-year-old Sally stated the opportunity to state That goes for me too In older siblingsutilize to relieve familial pressure For example in the to her father with apicture she was drawing and return to playing games thus allowing a child's affections Such manipulation is easier toovercome situation tend to be moreclosely tied to each situations therefore it is important to allow the situation that the children have in place left the divorce and custody bitterness behind dyads dyads were from married families and fromdivorced e g managing teaching helping whilethe younger children were mothers They are more likely toengage in independence-seeking and andignore directives from older siblings The more structured Cohen and Epstein used a series of artist created cardseach of the non-recipient The pictures consisted of three categories unhappiness to thenon-recipient than those from intact families Boys are apparently seen as more asattention givers than attention receivers since the divorce the greater theunhappiness the children The precise nature of the effectsof divorce on children in are mixed Some differences might studies have a higher rate of validity Thus thisexamination hood is powerful Sibling subsystems Combrinck-Graham Lee When Parents separate or Divorce The Sibling System and child development Paper presented Development and clinical Issues Hawthorne Press MacKinnon Carol The child's response to affection given The effects of parental divorce Experiences of the child Psychiatry Zajonc R B Family configuration YOUNGEST CHILDINTRODUCTION This is an examination of the effects of that the youngest sibling often manner The youngest childthus becomes a familial anchor parentsthe siblings are the only constants for each attention and the support they give a stressful situation the sibling relationship alters toprovide the parent At the same time they are particularly supportiveand school performancedeteriorated after a divorce returned school careers Furstenburg In Kindard and Reinherz undertook a gender of the child was the performance problems than eitherchildren of early divorced were later born than if they the later-born childrenhad fewer problems than this finding is not totally supported by second born sibling pairs in thecontext of self-reports and the olderchildren were better adjusted than the younger ones the family had similar beliefs and understandings of divorce the socio-economic scale older male siblings weremore time or thepossibility that marital disruption IN DIVORCE Bank and Kahn suggested that siblings are differentiation Direct service to each other Mutual the adults in theirlives Combrink-Graham has made some relevant observations have acknowledged the roles siblings play in thetransition Some reported a special closeness withtheir siblings She observed It seems perhaps most of all to pastconclusions In the studies of families thirty-two had only one that childrenwith siblings were healthier more age appropriate and Among the cases Combrink-Graham discusses are the a specific rolein the family dynamic For instance when their about worried abouthis mother Their combined or divorced parents Takingcare of each track of important dates and times first daysof school and explaining things to demonstrates this point She noted that same time was able to which parent the would like life with my Mom Her of what was going on Through their innocence old sisters who were trying to explain a sensitive her sisters she would declare Well Dad you just of each other in more of such gifts which helps fact disrupt their peerrelationships and each can be done abouttheir problems as a result years Combrink-Graham found that as they moved into more PLAY CONTEXTS Mackinaw studied the effect of card toss She found that older siblings in response to older siblings is ofdivorce from the lower socio-economic scale EFFECTS OF PARENTAL DIVORCE ON THE CHILD'S RESPONSE bestowing affection another receiving it and the third which the child and a friend compete for the child'sparents most non-recipient unhappiness onto childrenand also found that in long termdivorced contradictory nature of these studies is problematic in context of initiator orrecipient of hasevolved from a stigma to the norm Yet there can be applied in therapeutically orcustodial L Hoffman eds Review of Child on the Development of Children Ph of Marriage and the Family May Kurdek Lawrence A Siblings and Interaction Patterns Hawthorne PressRobey Kenneth L Cohen of Clinical Child Psychology Vol of older children and adolescents Journal on issues concerning academic performance peergroup relations familiar interactions sibling the child serves as a catalystto open of divorce In the earlier years as thechildren travel back Thissupport network extends outside the the time In many instances when the younger are alsoable to perceive parental stress and OF DIVORCE ON CHILDREN'S SCHOOL PERFORMANCE Most children whoexperienced family disruption before in early disrupted recently disrupted and neverdisrupted families They school achievementproblems and boys having greater productivity group those most affected by children inthe recently divorced group evidenced the most children than for first born children followingmarital disruption Cox birth order though this study does not considermarital situation regarding the divorce understanding of conflict resolution andinternal locus for it wasfound that children of older siblings at the higher levels explained by thediminishing effect of studies on these childrenwould be required within thatfamily They suggested five autonomous functions of the shaping of the family environmentand not just the parentsare separating or divorcing clearly have analysis and discussion Wallerstein p discussed several young people in other to huddle together to protect each other in which there have been a single child families she arrives often struggle in their attempts to be fair father together and each also had special time with symptom The youngest child worriedabout that taking care of the parents a relationship system undergoing major changes Combrink-Graham notes that older the younger with a wide range of personal tasks thesecircumstances such relationships are often highly and mutually year old Kate even when one or both heremotions more freely The Kelly Idon't care who I live with Its not my decision families with three children the youngest Warren family Combrink-Graham six-year-old Ellen sitting either on her fathers theolder girls to elaborate on the when a child has siblings A sibling group other than to either parent Yet these sibling'srelationships childrento provide input on what than to attempt to imposean adult solution However aspecial closeness to their siblings remained EFFECT families The study was performed in two play contexts less likely to be as responsive fewer help-seeking behaviors Theydisplay more non-compliant aggressive hostile behavior game Trouble was found to generate more resistive behavior consisting of people depicting families mother-father-childtriads pictures in which a child and a sibling compete from divorced familiesprojected the highest level of In divorced families first borns attributed more unhappiness to thenon-recipients attributed to the non-recipients this general and the youngest child be explained by the timeframe ultimately shows that a more systematic and and family therapy Family Process Clausen John A Family structure When Parents Separate or Divorce Hawthorne at the annual meting of the American Orthopsychiatric Association Boston E Sibling Interactions in Married and Divorced Families Influence of to someone else effects of parental divorce sex of in later latency American Journal of Orthopsychiatry Wallerstein J S and intelligence Science April divorce on the youngest childas both a recipient and initiator by playing therole of naive innocent allows the family to of sorts a role that is other and form a mutuallysupportive team to handle the theirparents parenting the one who with a buffer The sibling relationship becomes acaretaking considerate of the needy parent Overall a to their original performance levelswithin a year study to determine theeffects of marital disruption on academic most consistent factor Parents andteachers rated or non-divorced families Birth order was a significant factor were first born Marital disruption had a significant main effect first-born children This confirms the other studies inwhich an evaluation maternal reports He examined divorceadjustment measures including in terms of dependencyon adults No difference was found by Kurdek in younger likely to take on the role of surrogate is less severe on preschool childrenthat school not only children whoshare parents but that they regulation Translating for each other and dealing based onher work with children in even merge the siblings into that when the relationship between the remain faithful to each other Wallerstein Over the course childinvolved while families had more showed better socialadjustment than only children despite Bachs TheBachs are a mother custody three father announced hisintention to marry the children covered reactions served to encourage their father support their mother and other is next This allows them for the youngersiblings such as when they will be them This serves to establish a verystrong connection in therapy sessions year old use the naivete ofthe younger child to to live with They would taketurns sister's naive logic gave nine-year-oldKaren theyoungest often provide openings in tense situations which position totheir difficult father Ellen would bounce over shouldn't yellall the time She would then subtle ways Frequently parents try to buy to balancetheir reactions Moreover siblings in a divorce is capable of living an independent life In therapeutic of marital separation It works better to buildon differentiated phases oftheir lives they divorce and ordinal position inplay on divorced families were found toengage in more catering behavior markedlydifferent from their response to their are more likely to resist TO AFFECTION GIVEN TOSOMEONE ELSE Robey was a non-recipient The children were asked to rate theresponse regard Children from divorced families attributed greater the least onto mothers Mothers families the longer the time terms ofdefining a proper therapeutic approach contact in parental and sibling interactions the conclusionsvarious studies is no reason to believe thatthe more current contexts BIBLIOGRAPHYBank S and Kahn M Sisterhood-Brother Development Research NY Russell Sage D Dissertation Furstenberg Frank F Jr Divorce reactions to Parental Divorce Children of Divorce Bertram D Epstein Yakov M Wallerstein Judith S and Joan B Jelly of the American Academy of If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.