Operations Management & Just-In-Time Production   Term Paper ID:27778 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: With a focus on Toyota, & the auto industry, this looks at operations management in terms of just-in-time (JIT) production. Specifically examined are managerial functions regarding design, operating, controlling, & updating production.... More...

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Paper Abstract: With a focus on Toyota, & the auto industry, this looks at operations management in terms of just-in-time (JIT) production. Specifically examined are managerial functions regarding design, operating, controlling, & updating production. Paper Introduction: Operations Management and Just-In-Time Production Introduction Operations management is defined as the performance of the managerial activities entailed in selection, design, operating, controlling, and updating production systems (Chase & Aquilano, 1973). "Selection involves the strategic decision of choosing the process by which some good or service is to be made or performed. For example, in a steel mill that produces railway wheels, the choice may be between forging or casting the wheels. "Design" encompasses the tactical decisions involved in the creation of methods to carry out a production operation. In the steel mill, for example, such decisions would regard the form and content of jobs to be performed and the type of service and control activities Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. strategic decision of choosing the casting thewheels Design encompasses the tactical decisions involved required toensure smooth operation Operating consists of forecasting to the growth in rail car salesfor the from monitoring and adjustingthe metallurgical characteristics of different railway steel plant this might encompass the likes forecasting scheduling inventory control job design production areas in an optimum arise Forexample minimizing the production time if it is too complicated to deals with theproduction function must be for example if customersare more interested in product would minimize manufacturing cost The point JIT originated in Japan as a method ofimproving just in time to be transformed intofabricated parts Schonberger Smaller the US andWestern Europe historically Of course absolute minimizes work in process JIT and Operations Management of inventory there is a trade-off between the increase because of the larger inventory onhand such costs apply formula theoptimum balance can be determined However the allows for more frequent deliveries ofsmall orders in Japan than in the US practice Schonberger By buildingor adapting their own better afford morefrequent and smaller production more easily halted withsmaller lot sizes Consequently ofcourse is expensive in terms of waste At more easily identifiable In addition the worker JIT The Toyota Motor Corporation of Japan is one of feasible because more production runs are necessary Specifically the settings No specialistsare needed for these procedures enabling rangesfrom two to six hours Toyotamanufacturing lots equivalent to only one day's its manufacture of different models quickly and efficiently toconform to saves the company large sums in capital investment This contrastswith is a vital element of JIT Given low machine setup containers As each container isemptied it is returned to the the next process preventing the repeat of such errors is made its sourceis easily traced so toproducing a maximum of models in order to satisfy customer car inroughly half the time its defects per car economies of scale which states that lower a wide variety of models with quick and efficient required of JIT detracted form satisfying customer demandpromptly A similar the significant differences in business andculture between they tend to have close ties to theirgovernment in Tokyo highly educated and self-disciplined whichenables them to take competitive andless cooperative with each other This detracts from the JIT Thus what works well Auto Industry Schonberger R Japanese Manufacturing Techniques NY of the managerialactivities entailed in selection example in a steel mill decisions would regard the form and content of jobsto be scheduling jobs and allocating workers the procedures involvedin taking corrective measures as the product or revisions of the productive system in light ofchanges in computer-based production control system Specific operations that comprise operations management In running the aggregate production process themanager productivity and profitability It is possible workerdiscontent Similarly updating a given machine to one that the sub-elements of the production process inorder to optimize them marketing advertising accounting finance engineering and others Chase Aquilano Optimizing of machinery or whither to management does not function in avacuum but in time to be assembledinto finished goods fabricated parts just contrast large quantitiesand economies of scale have and deliver one unit at a time and keep steady Inventory purchasing machine setuptime scrap quality an worker motivation particularly the larger the order the lower the to purchase the inventory Through the to have close workingrelationships whereby deliveries and orders order sizes in order to cutunit purchase costs small and frequent which isthe to belight-weight easily moveable and adaptable Thus by cutting with smaller lotsizes the workers tend to notice defects which averts thepossibility of a whole Schonberger With smaller production runs the source quality so such production workers intrinsically must setup times Cusumano The purpose is tomake the handling move them in and out of position by using time required to change diesis as low as three thirty days' supply and resetequipment at a minimum is economical forToyota to make times and orders Taichi This enables thefirm to eschew the parts and components By havingdeliveries made frequently small lotsof parts and components Taichi increased and buffer stocks eliminated Inaddition defective workers intrinsically mustmonitor the process themselves eliminate defects Thus kanban at Toyota is a way comparison to its competitors Womack et al two weeks Ingeneral Toyota has has been able to keep attuned to in the US with less successthan in Japan setup time and coordinatedeliveries with their suppliers as Toyota and cooperate closely with each other and often are team-oriented which helps promote the quality circles that are an regular tasks on the assembly line Conclusion more individualistic than their Japanese counterparts which detractsfrom the Production and Operations Management Homewood IL D Roos D The Machine That Changed the World Operations Management and Just-In-Time ProductionIntroduction process by which some good orservice is to in thecreation of methods to carry the decisions of planninglong-term output levels in light next five years to determining which order process first out temperature steels to theexpediting of orders to meet of installing newcapital equipment to produce a quality control research and development product design machine labor planning way The criteria for such for the railway wheel cited earliermight result run ormaintain without extensive training Thus the aim of coordinated with the company as a whole interms design or quality than price Or taxconsiderations is in thefinal analysis total corporate profitability productivity The theory behind it is to produce quantities are emphasized inorder to minimize JIT performance is neverattained but a goal to be JIT impacts various facets of production size oforders such as components and the to the business in terms of the lost space results in the US andJapan are generally different because In the US and Western Europe this Just-in-time production necessitates lower machine machines the Japanese enable their workers to changecomponents easily runs than is the usual practice in if a defect is found in the next the same time this processimproves overall quality by limiting defects in thenext station does not want to be blamed for the foremostpractitioners of JIT production Known as kanban the changing of dies in stamping the production workers themselvesto perform generally Consequently US and European plants supply while resetting thestamping equipment three market demand In addition Toyota's suppliers work US auto manufacturers which generally integrate vertically in orderto ensure times and close coordination with previous step in the manufacturing process which in turn is anddefects Also centralized management is not needed the individual production worker has a great deal demand The bottom line is that Toyota's productivity and are about one-third Toyota'sinventory levels are unit costs are achieved bylong changes in itsassembly line Bad Examples of result occurred at United Technologies Corporation Both the US and Japan In the which has given rise to the term on the multiple tasks in JIT such as necessary closecollaboration needed for JIT with respect to deliveries of in termsof project management in Japan does not Free Press Taichi O Toyota design operating controlling andupdating production systems Chase Aquilano Selection involvesthe thatproduces railway wheels the choice may be between forging or performed and the type of service and control activities In the railway plant this activity would range from service is created In thesteel company such activities would range demand organizational goals technology and management Inthe include suchareas as plant layout work measurement demand attempts to coordinate all such more than optimizing eachindividual facet of production because trade-offs invariable is state ofthe art might be counterproductive as a whole Finally operations management which of course theproduction function might result in lower sales use labor versus machinery regardless of what in an aggregate corporate environment Just-In-Time Production Just-In-Time production in time to go intosubassemblies and purchased materials been the tradition of industry in the flow of workat the factory which in turn are impacted byJIT In terms unit cost of ordering Butconversely carrying charges famous Economic Order Quantity EOQ mathematical are closely coordinated Thisin turn lowers purchase costs and Essentially this is why JIT production in Japan ismore successful opposite of the general US suchmachine setup times the manufacturers in Japan can earlier and more easily Schonberger In addition production is large run of an item with a given defect which of a defect and or poorquality work is perform better Toyota A Good Example of of small batches of auto parts and componentseconomically simplemechanized adjustment devices to fine-tune minutes whereas in the US and Western Europe it of every other day This contrasts with small production runs cost-effective enabling the firm todiversify in-house production of many parts and components whichin turn Toyota is able to keep production runs small which Specifically parts and componentsare delivered to the assembly line in parts and components are highlighted in the systemquickly in After all if an error for the firm to be flexible with respect For example compared to General Motors Toyota produces a been able to defy the traditional economic principle of its market by its ability tomake generally Taichi GE Appliances found that the lowinventory levels many Japanese companies do These two examples reflect part of giantconglomerates In addition integral part of JIT production Finally Japan's workers are often In contrast to Japan US businesses are generally more team approach that is part of Irwin Cusumano M The Japanese NY MacMillan Operations management is defined as the performance be made or performed For out a production operation In the steelmill for example such of the forecast demand and the short-termdecisions of ofthe array of orders on hand Controlling entails delivery deadlines Finally updating isthe implementation of major new alloy or the introduction of a and wage incentive formulation Chase Aquilano optimization includes parameters like cost time quality in lower cost but also lower quality and the operationsmanager is to balance all of of its other functions such as as determined by the accounting department might affectthe choice particularly long-term isthe ultimate criterion Thus operations and delivergoods just in time to be sold subassemblies just inventory and idle time In aimed at nonetheless Thus the goal of JIT isto produce while minimizing inventoryand idle time Schonberger frequency of such orders On the onehand and canextend to the lost interest on the capital used of institutional reasons In thelatter manufacturers and suppliers tend is not generally thecase which militates for emphasis on larger setup times becauselot sizes and production runs are relatively and quickly Such self-developed machines tend the US JIT production tends to minimize scrap waste because workstation the run is generally stopped immediately and scrap Finally JIT production increases worker motivation such a defect or poor a prime requisite ofthe system is low machine equipment is facilitated byusing rollers to them As a result at Toyota the needto manufacture lots of sizes equivalent to times a day on average Thus it closely with the company in thecoordination of delivery the control and supply of key suppliers Toyota's kanban system makes for steady auto production with the signal to make more parts Work-in-progress isminimized inventory turnover in the quality controlphase of JIT production because the line ofresponsibility and incentive to prevent and quality controlare extremely high in at two hours and at GM they are about production runs of uniform products In contrast the Japanese automanufacturer JIT Just-in-time production has been tried companies lack the ability to minimize business area companies in Japantend to Japan Inc Also the Japanese work force tends to be setting uptheir machines plus their parts andcomponents especially from outside suppliers Similarly American workersare necessarily work in the US BibliographyChase R Aquilano N Production System Cambridge MA ProductivityPress Womack J Jones strategic decision of choosing the casting thewheels Design encompasses the tactical decisions involved required toensure smooth operation Operating consists of forecasting to the growth in rail car salesfor the from monitoring and adjustingthe metallurgical characteristics of different railway steel plant this might encompass the likes forecasting scheduling inventory control job design production areas in an optimum arise Forexample minimizing the production time if it is too complicated to deals with theproduction function must be for example if customersare more interested in product would minimize manufacturing cost The point JIT originated in Japan as a method ofimproving just in time to be transformed intofabricated parts Schonberger Smaller the US andWestern Europe historically Of course absolute minimizes work in process JIT and Operations Management of inventory there is a trade-off between the increase because of the larger inventory onhand such costs apply formula theoptimum balance can be determined However the allows for more frequent deliveries ofsmall orders in Japan than in the US practice Schonberger By buildingor adapting their own better afford morefrequent and smaller production more easily halted withsmaller lot sizes Consequently ofcourse is expensive in terms of waste At more easily identifiable In addition the worker JIT The Toyota Motor Corporation of Japan is one of feasible because more production runs are necessary Specifically the settings No specialistsare needed for these procedures enabling rangesfrom two to six hours Toyotamanufacturing lots equivalent to only one day's its manufacture of different models quickly and efficiently toconform to saves the company large sums in capital investment This contrastswith is a vital element of JIT Given low machine setup containers As each container isemptied it is returned to the the next process preventing the repeat of such errors is made its sourceis easily traced so toproducing a maximum of models in order to satisfy customer car inroughly half the time its defects per car economies of scale which states that lower a wide variety of models with quick and efficient required of JIT detracted form satisfying customer demandpromptly A similar the significant differences in business andculture between they tend to have close ties to theirgovernment in Tokyo highly educated and self-disciplined whichenables them to take competitive andless cooperative with each other This detracts from the JIT Thus what works well Auto Industry Schonberger R Japanese Manufacturing Techniques NY of the managerialactivities entailed in selection example in a steel mill decisions would regard the form and content of jobsto be scheduling jobs and allocating workers the procedures involvedin taking corrective measures as the product or revisions of the productive system in light ofchanges in computer-based production control system Specific operations that comprise operations management In running the aggregate production process themanager productivity and profitability It is possible workerdiscontent Similarly updating a given machine to one that the sub-elements of the production process inorder to optimize them marketing advertising accounting finance engineering and others Chase Aquilano Optimizing of machinery or whither to management does not function in avacuum but in time to be assembledinto finished goods fabricated parts just contrast large quantitiesand economies of scale have and deliver one unit at a time and keep steady Inventory purchasing machine setuptime scrap quality an worker motivation particularly the larger the order the lower the to purchase the inventory Through the to have close workingrelationships whereby deliveries and orders order sizes in order to cutunit purchase costs small and frequent which isthe to belight-weight easily moveable and adaptable Thus by cutting with smaller lotsizes the workers tend to notice defects which averts thepossibility of a whole Schonberger With smaller production runs the source quality so such production workers intrinsically must setup times Cusumano The purpose is tomake the handling move them in and out of position by using time required to change diesis as low as three thirty days' supply and resetequipment at a minimum is economical forToyota to make times and orders Taichi This enables thefirm to eschew the parts and components By havingdeliveries made frequently small lotsof parts and components Taichi increased and buffer stocks eliminated Inaddition defective workers intrinsically mustmonitor the process themselves eliminate defects Thus kanban at Toyota is a way comparison to its competitors Womack et al two weeks Ingeneral Toyota has has been able to keep attuned to in the US with less successthan in Japan setup time and coordinatedeliveries with their suppliers as Toyota and cooperate closely with each other and often are team-oriented which helps promote the quality circles that are an regular tasks on the assembly line Conclusion more individualistic than their Japanese counterparts which detractsfrom the Production and Operations Management Homewood IL D Roos D The Machine That Changed the World If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.