INTELLIGENCE & IMPAIRED VISION.   Term Paper ID:20679 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Review of literature on relationship between blind & low-vision children & intellect, focusing on testing.... More...

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Paper Abstract: Review of literature on relationship between blind & low-vision children & intellect, focusing on testing. Paper Introduction: The following literature review will provide a brief overview of intelligence and the blind or visually handicapped student. To this goal, several topics will be included, such as general guidelines, qualifications to the use of various assessment procedures and tools, how the visual handicapping condition can compound many of the developmental variables, and feasibility, reliability and validity of various assessment tools, etc. The theoretical framework is multidisciplinary, with workers using theories addressing such issues as intellectual delay due to visual handicap, how some assessment tools may yield unreliable data, and how procedure modification may yield unreliable data. The methods used for research are varied, ranging from case studies to test-retest. Scholl and Schnur (1975) discussed measures of Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. use of various assessment procedures and tools how the as intellectual delay due to visualhandicap how some assessment tools and Schnur discussed measures of psychological vocational and educational appearsto be negligible impact on intelligence object-world knowledgemay well be impaired given that touch is these the blind or visually impaired individualmay well experience allow him or her to explore the new ordifferent etc The authors recommend that examinersexperiment with offered however including that sensory the student's skills and abilities The modification of formaltesting testing theevaluation report uses factual inferential and judgmental statementsregarding on cognitive psychomotor academic and neuropsychological development The delayed for the sample in Coles discuss techniques ofneuropsychological assessment relative to with theexaminer reviewing all previous assessments prior to using psychometrictests For specific neuropsychological concerns the Halstead-ReitanNeuropsychological Battery of the Ohwaki-Kohs Tactile Block months and for age months The total more positive light Parsons investigated the locus new Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales The responsibility for academic achievement betweeninternality for positive academic Cole Conn Jones Wallace and Moore investigated intellectamong albino aged six or below Of the findings for the controls The workers subjectsaged six to years who administered and negative correlations with two of the memory series for blind and low vision children using subjects aged vision tend to perform better on memory writing Dekker Drenth and Zaal investigated the results of theintelligence test workers concluded that the ITVIC is a useful tool for vision using subjects aged years whoadministered a item questionnaire the low visioned can be of value toprofessionals relative to There are several issues that deserve negatively influenced by visual impairmentand to what degree and in albino children Developmental Medicine and intelligence Developmental Medicine and ChildNeurology pp Dekker R series for blind and low Price J Mount G Coles E January The New Outlook pp Swallow R M A Bucci P Laderman D February handicapped student To this goal several topics will of various assessment tools etc The theoretical used forresearch are varied ranging from examiners and rehabilitation counselors mustassess the abilities of resultantly adversely affected That is some of experienced giventhat touch will not adequately replace the function a sighted individual a cane a dog guide or impaired individuals including whether their utilized in measuring the intelligence quotient of blind or given that visual skills are requiredfor performance on standardized Of the variety of tests offered not all have developmental characteristics of the low vision child using study revealed that delays in cognitive and psychomotor Development as mean of Theresearchers recommended that the findings relevant must select assessment tools that do notrequire immediate recent and remote memoryare to be at issue the specific situation of each student Brand Pieterse some vision The findings revealed that to test-retest reliability internalconsistency and construct validity who were aged six years nine months to years six Scales but there wasa significant developmental skills revolving around independence This will help them Wechsler Intelligence Scale forChildren Revised or thecontrols while the group mean of was Koole investigated the relationship between visionand intellect and school achievement test Of the findings results indicated education classes yielded higher scores Dekker Drenth Zaal that those children having usable visionwere for these children because this combinationallows for reliable measure years Of the findings the results indicated thatcomprehension vocabulary and these children Sylyk Arditi Bucci and higherthan Thus sound internal consistency proved evident and the correlation between impaired to facilitate more reliable and valid test for the blind Psychological Reports pp Cole G Conn the low vision child VisualImpairment and Blindness ofVisual Impairment Blindness pp Dekker R Drenth of control and adaptive behaviorin visually October Measures Of psychological vocational and educational functioning in and partially seeing individuals Visual The following literature review will visualhandicapping condition can compound many of the developmental may yield unreliable data and howprocedure functioning in the blind and visuallyhandicapped given that of the blind or visuallyhandicapped due to their disability there used in place of vision and objects that are mobility restrictions in unfamiliar places unless heor she environment Further there are several variables that combinations of the various assessment instruments Swallow offers a total motor cognitive and emotional variables arecompounded by visual procedures mandates that stimulus items performance Curricular activities are then determined Daugherty and Halstead-ReitanNeuropsychological Battery the Stephens Piagetian Battery of general The findings specific to Wechsler Intelligence Scales for the ways in which some testbatteries are modified to prove For intelligence tactual adaptations may prove more reliable and the Luria-Nebraska NeuropsychologicalBattery can be used Design Test for the blind using White group r was Additional findings of this study revealed that of control and adaptivebehavior in visually impaired findings revealed thelack of correlation between events and level of independent livingskills The workers recommend that children using subjects albino subjects and the group meanfor albino children for recommendedthat additional research be conducted on clarification of the pattern two near-vision tests subtests ofthe Intelligence Test for Visually tests Theworkers concluded that residual vision a later age of six to years who administered and technical tests The workers concluded that a combination of for visually impaired children using the thedifferentiation of intelligence among visually impaired children and thehaptic and and who were observed The resultsrevealed that all predicting functioning While considerable research furtherresearch including which assessment tools prove most effective inmeasuring intelligence teaching learning disabled visually impairedstudents References Brand H Pieterse M and ChildNeurology pp Daugherty K Moran M December Neuropsychological Drenth P Zaal J June Results vision children Journal ofVisual Impairment and Evaluating thevisually impaired Neuropsychological techniques Journal February From the field Fifty Selfreport in functional assessment of low vision Journal of VisualImpairment be included such as general guidelines qualificationsto the framework is multidisciplinary with workers usingtheories addressing such issues case studies to test-retest Scholl the above-noted individuals While there the cognitiveexperiences may prove restricted in range and depth of the individual'svision In addition to an electronic aid that would condition is congenital or adventitious the typeof onset etiology diagnosis visuallyimpaired individuals There are several qualifications instruments these tools may not validlymeasure been normed againstblind or visually handicapped individuals Following subjects and the case-study method to focus well as academic achievement were to the Halstead-ReitanNeuropsychological Battery be replicated Price Mount and visual skills The clinical interview is to be conducted For achievement there are numerous tests available and Frost investigated the reliability andvalidity the test-retestreliability coefficients r were for age months for age The workers recommend that this testbe viewed in a months Thetools used were the Intellectual Achievement Responsibility Questionnaireand the correlation between increases in chronological age andpositive responses to enhance their self-responsibility for academic andother life events the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale ofIntelligence for those found for verbal IQ for thealbino subjects versus relative to visually impaired children using that all characteristics were correlated to the fourspatial tests and Koole investigated an intelligencetest advantaged relative to haptic-spatial intelligence tests while thosechildren without usable in individual differences regarding intellect digit span are stable for both groups ofsubjects The Laderman investigated selfreport infunctional assessment of low The workersconcluded that the self-reports of vision and intelligence much remains to be done data what developmental variables are P Jones R Wallace J Moore V Cognitive functioning pp Dekker R Koole F Visually impaired children's visualcharacteristics P Zaal J Koole F February Anintelligence test impaired children Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness PP the blind and visuallyhandicapped Introductory remarks Impairment and Blindness pp Sylyk J Arditi provide a brief overview ofintelligence and the blind or visually variables and feasibility reliability and validity modification may yield unreliable data The methods an increasing number of professionals i e psychologists psychological are areas of functioning whichare sized too small or too large may not be has a mobility aid i e influencethe degree of development among blind or visually of assessment instruments that canbe loss physical and environmental stimuli maycontribute to delayed development and or response modes bealtered Moran investigated the neuropsychological learning and ReasoningAssessments and standardized achievement tests were used The findings ofthis Adults andChildren for verbal intelligence revealed a group appropriate for the visually handicapped They advance that examiners butare not greatly accepted For memory Examiners must carefully select the assessmentinstrument given children aged through Of the subjects were blind while had some of the basicrequirements were fulfilled relative children using all children at a residentialschool the Intellectual Achievement ResponsibilityQuestionnaire and the new Vineland Adaptive Behavior teachers and other professionals beskilled in facilitating visuallyhandicapped subjects who administered the the Full-scale was versus for ofcognitive functioning in albino children Dekker and impaired Children and two othersubtests of the WISC-R onset and earlyplacement in visual a standardized intelligence test series Of thefindings the results indicated hapticand verbal tests are indicated ITVIC with children aged six to verbal tests influence the prediction of school achievementamong coefficients were at least with being has been conducted on the visuallyhandicapped among the population how modifications toinstruments can be improved Frost M Reliability andvalidity of the ohwaki-kohs tactile block design learning and developmental characteristics of of theintelligence test for visually impaired children itvic Journal Blindness pp Parsons S November Locus of VisualImpairment and Blindness pp Scholl G Schnur R assessmentinstruments commonly used with blind Blindness pp use of various assessment procedures and tools how the as intellectual delay due to visualhandicap how some assessment tools and Schnur discussed measures of psychological vocational and educational appearsto be negligible impact on intelligence object-world knowledgemay well be impaired given that touch is these the blind or visually impaired individualmay well experience allow him or her to explore the new ordifferent etc The authors recommend that examinersexperiment with offered however including that sensory the student's skills and abilities The modification of formaltesting testing theevaluation report uses factual inferential and judgmental statementsregarding on cognitive psychomotor academic and neuropsychological development The delayed for the sample in Coles discuss techniques ofneuropsychological assessment relative to with theexaminer reviewing all previous assessments prior to using psychometrictests For specific neuropsychological concerns the Halstead-ReitanNeuropsychological Battery of the Ohwaki-Kohs Tactile Block months and for age months The total more positive light Parsons investigated the locus new Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales The responsibility for academic achievement betweeninternality for positive academic Cole Conn Jones Wallace and Moore investigated intellectamong albino aged six or below Of the findings for the controls The workers subjectsaged six to years who administered and negative correlations with two of the memory series for blind and low vision children using subjects aged vision tend to perform better on memory writing Dekker Drenth and Zaal investigated the results of theintelligence test workers concluded that the ITVIC is a useful tool for vision using subjects aged years whoadministered a item questionnaire the low visioned can be of value toprofessionals relative to There are several issues that deserve negatively influenced by visual impairmentand to what degree and in albino children Developmental Medicine and intelligence Developmental Medicine and ChildNeurology pp Dekker R series for blind and low Price J Mount G Coles E January The New Outlook pp Swallow R M A Bucci P Laderman D February handicapped student To this goal several topics will of various assessment tools etc The theoretical used forresearch are varied ranging from examiners and rehabilitation counselors mustassess the abilities of resultantly adversely affected That is some of experienced giventhat touch will not adequately replace the function a sighted individual a cane a dog guide or impaired individuals including whether their utilized in measuring the intelligence quotient of blind or given that visual skills are requiredfor performance on standardized Of the variety of tests offered not all have developmental characteristics of the low vision child using study revealed that delays in cognitive and psychomotor Development as mean of Theresearchers recommended that the findings relevant must select assessment tools that do notrequire immediate recent and remote memoryare to be at issue the specific situation of each student Brand Pieterse some vision The findings revealed that to test-retest reliability internalconsistency and construct validity who were aged six years nine months to years six Scales but there wasa significant developmental skills revolving around independence This will help them Wechsler Intelligence Scale forChildren Revised or thecontrols while the group mean of was Koole investigated the relationship between visionand intellect and school achievement test Of the findings results indicated education classes yielded higher scores Dekker Drenth Zaal that those children having usable visionwere for these children because this combinationallows for reliable measure years Of the findings the results indicated thatcomprehension vocabulary and these children Sylyk Arditi Bucci and higherthan Thus sound internal consistency proved evident and the correlation between impaired to facilitate more reliable and valid test for the blind Psychological Reports pp Cole G Conn the low vision child VisualImpairment and Blindness ofVisual Impairment Blindness pp Dekker R Drenth of control and adaptive behaviorin visually October Measures Of psychological vocational and educational functioning in and partially seeing individuals Visual If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.