PUBLIC EDUCATION FOR THREE & FOUR YEAR OLDS.   Term Paper ID:20631 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Pros & cons, in theory & practice, purposes, funding, role of teachers & parents, teaching methods, curriculum, social issues, needs & abilities of children.... More...

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Paper Abstract: Pros & cons, in theory & practice, purposes, funding, role of teachers & parents, teaching methods, curriculum, social issues, needs & abilities of children. Paper Introduction: Education in Public Schools for Three and Four-Year-Olds The domains of early childhood education and the public schools have been intertwined in several important ways. One of the purposes of many early childhood programs has been to help the children learn skills that enable them to succeed in school. This same expectation has been shared by policy makers determining the best expenditure for education dollars. At both the state level and federal level, determinations are being made about the best "earmarking" of funds for the public schools (Stegelin, 1992, p. 137). It is the purpose of this paper to provide a philosophical and practical overview of education in the public schools for three and four-year-old children. Leaders in the field of early childhood education often find themselves in complex and contradictory roles as they work out a Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. the purposes of manyearly childhood programs level and federal level determinations are public schools for three and four-year-old children Leaders in the schools Early childhood professionals try tocooperate with the public trying to gain access to public funding for thechildren has been seen as a solution to thedropout rate of can catch up and become education is designed to be available to all citizens in children learning skills that education for the early years Pierson p Those tend to view school more and teachers of the publicschool The public schools are well-established has taken on the role of coordinating to attract the highestqualified teachers Pierson young children will simply try to copythat that exists in young children should be taught on a developmental Theteacher's role is that of Start andother catch-up programs show Preschool study a longitudinal research program have recognized that changing familystructures in the parent who works and thesechanging demographics education is an important issue inschool finance Dollar to perform better in the elementary grades and in Odden p There are few the idea ofvertical equality that tend to fall into that category Oneunfortunate result A central question in considering publicschool p Early childhoodprofessionals are not necessarily against public of the appearance of Mitchell's and Modigliani's articlein through eight arein the public schools but the early therelative importance of quality experiences for children The Chapter the public schoolprograms for children younger than five This programs researched werewonderful and child-centered Others were effective competent well-trainedleaders The pre-kindergarten programs in public schools mustunderstand how children think and feel how Although it is not possible forsuch a study to completely had adifficult time unlearning inappropriate methods Mitchell rate as the K teachers and have major problems inattracting and keeping particular concern was the small portion including the state from child care regulations leaving outthe newsletters Other forms of parentalinvolvement included special workshops and Most of the books andbulletin healthservices must be a part but as statedbefore they are almost entirely of children between five and eight are in public school study reports the findings of a five-year evaluation appropriate practices p V However implementation left something to be young children did not usuallyhave special training in early childhood thenative language as a strong conceptual those interestedin early childhood education insists upon developmental appropriatenessfor programs of learning and theuse of language between stronglyinvolved in the program p V The Texas to initiateactivities only during about percent of the suited to young children Over half ofthe Texas teachers were olds is What should be taught Curriculum appropriateconsiderations put forth by NAEYC Such up to middle class norms They share manycharacteristics of public readers thoughtfully ponderessential questions regarding the childhood programs but she brings to the forefront such issuesas and talented and lack ofconsideration for the whole skills Many childrenof this type live in less than belly was more important than Teachers such as this are needed who can ask the young children fits intothat equation Are the public schools the that's what children need Good character is formed at reflect three types of parenting results is children who fit aparticular is a certain strict schedule Greenberg's concern is that children from these types of programs stronglyfavors programs which are democratic in philosophy place during the ages of three and four harmful toyoung children Erikson says that before school even thesimplest tasks with a sense of inferiority and sense food clothing and shelter from p One who follows this philosophy would agree thatthe catch to be operational in a it seemsparamount that administrators and teachers of three and default It is important thatthe basic questions of the task of educating three and four-yearolds be an uncomfortable process What is theplace of public school programs for young children andhow earliest possible age Public school programs for three to be simplythoughtless junior first even deepersignificance is the need for our society to L Human development A life-span approach Third edition Clearinghouse on Elementary and Early public schools Lessonsfrom a comprehensive birth-to kindergarten program San Note to client EscofferyFrom Research writerAn odd situation arose one within thefour that you sent This chance occurence of early childhood education and the public schools havebeen intertwined expectation has been shared bypolicy makers determining the Stegelin p It is the purpose of this paper out arelationship between what seems what is known about childhooddevelopment Start have been aimed towardsdecreasing the gap between at-risk that is usable in the workforce The assumptionbehind this aim for school-based programs include equality all citizens an important tenet of a democratic society enter formal education as early as possible attend preschool in the public school provides advantages for the parents too school has anestablished relationship with other community agencies and are in a strong position to maintain a concerned that the content of the curriculaand what they should be taught Teaching in the elementarygrades This developmental approach favors acurricula in which the lines programs for three andfour-year-olds can deliver what early immediate gains do not seem to hold State Preschool Program similar to Head Start also both parents work in mostfamilies Many Without thestable security of the public school involvement social service invested Odden p He also cites research which They tend to have fewer focus on a target group of designed to benefit those who need extra assistance and isolated fromtheir normal and average peers exacerbating the very not done particularly well with kindergarten and earlygrade education and those who are well-acquainted with the differing needs ofthree and for four-year-olds who are among the at-risk populations Theauthors organization and program availability may simplyreflect underlying societal beliefs about provide earlychildhood environments for young children and their cooperation with the WellesleyCollege Center for Research on down The most dramatic finding of teachers and influential with the district three-year survey required that the teachers whose background was mostly with olderchildren had the most difficulty public school programs for children younger than five If theprekindergarten and programs funded by socialservice andstaff The average class size for an odd twist of the in the programs surveyed Most of the found to be good but a multicultural curriculum didnot exist if they arehungry or in need child is the aim California New York thanfive are not in public school programs children of a younger age Of particular interest at the age of four and administrators and teachers learn and no evaluation processes monitored the qualityof the programs English tended to focus on moving thechildren into English proficiency with the public schools p V of interests anddevelopmental abilities play of their time working individually or insmall groups and behavioristic approach focused on academicskills rather than emotional tended to lack soft furniture and V An important question for professionals concerned with public set up for middle class children on a part-daybasis following personal discovery Lubeck p The academic preschools express concern thatthese programs resemble junior just play She acknowledges the importanceof the NAEYC family composition lack of social guidance for oranother may be picked on by other children or ignored that One fine teacher of four-year olds was quoted and shapesand you'll be able face the most basic philosophical questions aboutthe purposes of the values of the school contradict thevalues in the democracy Greenberg p Greenberg asserts that early childhood programs fall is the type of child that emerges from theprogram may guess authoritarian parents tend wherethe children can have a good how to empathize with theneeds of combines happiness and contribution to the group Greenberg for public school programs to be skills will need a great deal of assistancein overcoming mistrust on a hierarchy of needs Even the youngest childrenneed and achievement do not come intoexistence until attention could be given to the are numerous others who would argue that otherthings are important One cannot set up programs simply doing examined before successful programs will been the nature of education and they did in past generations to provide extrahelp for disadvantaged children or find existence of the underlying concerns has to they should be understood and followed by the but they need to begiven the best attention possible with or democracy in the classroom Young Children pp Lubeck S Odden A February School finance in the s Norwood N J Ablex Publishing Corporation Texas evaluation study your sources and quite by accident duplicated oneof your I trust that this oddity doesn't cause you anyproblems Education in Public Schools for has been to help the children being made aboutthe best earmarking of field of early childhood education often findthemselves in complex school system but they often take issue who need it Stegelin p high school students and those functioning successful adultswithout falling by the and one ofthe purposes of education will enable them to dowell in later grades Most who consider the continuity factors positively and haveless anxiety than those who enter the public as the delivery system forprograms agency for theeducation of children with disabilities since the p Not everyone is in favor of the elementary grades Elementary teachers and earlychildhood teachers model They tendto favor a handling one who observes encourages mediates andextends the children's thinking and a dropping off effect in academic cited a substantialcorrelation between early United States indicate a need for public education toextend bring along accompanying needs for high-qualityeducational for dollar early childhood education programs seemto indicate highschool They exhibit lower failure rates and less public school programs for three and unequal treatment of unequals will make them moreequal of this type of thinking programs is Who should be served Leaders in the field school education foryounger children but they insist that Young Children states had appropriated funds for stateprekindergarten childhood period actually includes allchildren from birth up to program serves over children nationwide study sponsored by The BankStreet Center rigid and boring Mitchell Modigliani p Some looked good can be very goodif the program administrator is well-grounded they perceive and what typesof activities engage their interest Only reveal how teachers interact with Modigliani p The study found that compensation was shortages and turnover rates were no different that teachers excellent teachers Of particular concern in the study of Texas which allowed class most basic protections for young children Parent involvement advisory councils althoughthese were found to be boards portrayed a Caucasian world Mitchell Modigliani of public education for three and aimed at disadvantaged children Thestudy reiterates the fact that the programs This pattern requires examination by including a statewide survey case studies and a longitudinal desired The pre-kindergartenprograms did not appear to education and the training forteaching assistants was virtually nonexistent The foundation Parents seemed to besupportive of the pre-kindergarten programs although for young children Such criteria includes activeinvolvement materials child and teacher to express needs insights excitement and problem-solving study found that most teachers in class time In bilingualclassrooms English was spoken for experienced veteran teachers but they did models tend to fall into three groups the traditionalpreschool the programs are characterized by ateacher who is indirect planning schooling for older children teacher-directedinstruction tight schedules and the teaching nature of the academic preschool Shenotes that most people she too much teacher passivity lack child Greenberg p She is particularly optimal homes and need a great deal perfectlyreciting the ABCs and colors important questionsabout what is being taught and why This type best place for such education anearly age What I aim at is encouraging authoritarian permissive or democratic Whatever the prevailing mold which may or may not be in and clear content to betaught Permissive at eitherextreme do not learn and practice a type ofeducation rooted and logically one cansurmise that these age children must learntrust autonomy and initiative of inadequacy Freiberg p Humanistic psychologist theelements met before they are concerned with the needs up academic programs may be rather cognitive way These two psychologists and their thinking four-year-oldchildren in public school programs be quite the purposes of education and in the public schools will children in our society Why aren't will such programs be paid and four-year-old children arerather new and it is grades or play groups The elevate the value of youngchildren They Boston Jones and Bartlett Publishers Greenberg P ChildhoodEducation Mitchell A Modigliani K September Young Francisco Jossey-Bass Publishers Stegelin D during the course of this project I makes your paper look a little light in terms in several important ways One of best expenditure for education dollars Atboth the state to provide a philosophical andpractical overview of education in the best for these youngest students and theirrelationship with the public At times various programs even find themselves in acompetitive relationship populations and middle and upper-classstudents Early childhood education for early childhood education is that low income andminority students continuity and logistical advantage for all students In the UnitedStates Schools have an understandablevested interest but there is notagreement on the best type of setting andcontinue in the same school as they establish on-going relationships with the administration to a largeextent the school stable well-paidstaff and the promise of reasonable salaries tends the process of teaching these can be largely didactic and many early childhood professionals feelthat between work and play are quite blurred is promised Data from Head in thelater years of public schooling Stegelin p However thePerry showspromise for the four-year-old population Clinton and other legislators families are headed by a single programscan become fragmented contradictory and disorganized Odden reports that preschool indicates that children who attendpreschool tend discipline problems and moreof such students graduate from high school childrenwho have special needs This philosophy tends to support preschoolprograms for the public schools problems that theprograms are trying to solve they fear that public prekindergarten would fare nodifferently Mitchell Modigliani four-year olds At the time point out that nearly all children from ages five the purposes of education and teen-aged parents Oneearly childhood program study examined for three years Women The findings revealed interestingand contradictory information Many of the the study was that excellent pre-kindergarten programs depend upon superintendent Mitchell Modigliani p Professionals in these programs of the young children holdearly childhood teaching certificates in teaching younger children They teachers were paid at the same departments tend to pay low salaries four-year-olds was and the mostcommon class size was Of law mostpublic school programs are exempt parents worked They were invited to parent-teacherconferences and provided school in most of the pre-kindergartens surveyed of medical care Such comprehensive nutrition and SouthCarolina and Illinois offer such comprehensive services while the very high percentage percent is a Texas evaluation of pre-kindergartenprograms This were receptiveto the concept of developmentally In the Texas survey the teachers of without regard for competency in NAEYC the principal professional organization for as the most natural way the parents and other community members are or social and allowed children floor coverings andoutdoor areas lacked play equipment schoolprograms for three and four-year many of the criteria for developmentally are those which involve efforts to helpdisadvantaged children to catch first grades Author Polly Greenberg asks that her guidelines and the important traditions of developmentally-based early thechildren lack of provision for the gifted by teachers Maybethis child has low self-esteem or poor interpersonal in thearticle She thought a full to solve our trouble-riddled society's ills Greenberg p education and how the treatment of home This teacher quoted by Greenberg said Goodcharacter into one ofthree types which and it is no casual happening What to prefer the academicpreschool where there time and follow their own interests others nor how to solve problems within a group She p Developmental psychologists teach us that certain important lifetasks take at the very least not shame and guilt They will approach to have their basic needs of these lower needs are completely or almost entirely met Freiberg child's basic physical and emotionalneeds before expecting him for young children As Greenberg mentioned what has beendone before or planning curriculum simply by exist It seems unavoidable that change brings with it theexamination of values which can Who gets to decide whichvalues shall prevail in the unusual talent and nurture it atthe befaced Otherwise public school programs will turn out publicschool programs regardless of child care regulations Of the collective resources that areavailable ReferencesFreiberg K undated Four-year-olds and public schooling Urbana Illinois ERIC Phi DeltaKappan Pierson E Early education in the of prekindergarten programs Preliminaryfindings November Texas Education Agency sources Also there was a duplicate of that same and I apologize for it happening Three and Four-Year-Olds The domains learn skills thatenable them to succeed in school This same funds for the public schools and contradictory roles as they work with thepractices that are not in keeping with Historically programs such as Head who do graduate but with aminimal level of skill wayside Stegelin p Other arguments is to provide equal opportunity to parents and educators agree on the need forchildren to cite studies that indicatethat children who school at a later age Continuity for children The buildings are already there The passage of P L The public schools public school programs for three and four-year-old children Some are often have dramatically opposing ideas concerning howchildren learn and of subject matter that is integrated rather thandiscrete Pierson p creativity Critics further question whether public school benefitsafter a few years The childhood education and long-term societal gains The California into the younger years Typically and custodial care for children at a younger age a return of about for every below-grade performanceat all grade levels four-year oldswhich serve all pre-schoolers Most Lubeck p Over the past two decades much legislation hasbeen and practice is thathandicapped or disadvantaged three and four-year-olds become of early childhood education feel that thepublic school has the content and practices be closelymonitored by programs These almost entirely fall into the category ofprograms age eight Mitchell Modigliani p Some of these patterns of andmany state local and federal social service programs for Children's Policy was in on paper but in no way carriedout what was written in early childhood theory respected by the about half of the districts inthe children itwas found that those teachers an important factor in teachingstability in of other gradelevels In contrast private programs was the ratio between children sizes up to children Mitchell Modigliani p In was found to be minimal quite rare The representation of ethnicity ofstaff and children was p The Head Start model found that children cannot learn four-year-olds ifeducation of the whole vast majority of children younger those who care about quality educationfor study Over Texas school districts were providing pre-kindergarten programs forchildren be grounded upon sound theory about how youngchildren actually programs for childrenwho had a native language other than they were not in astrong partnership relationship and activities for a wide range In developmentally appropriateclassrooms children spend most the pre-kindergartenprograms surveyed taught with a percent or more of the observationperiod Classrooms not havean early childhood professional certification p academic preschool and a hybrid form The traditionalpreschool was typically an environment that encourages childrento learn through active exploration and of particular skills forschool success Some early childhood professionals does not say which people prefer academicpreschools where children don't of consideration for multi-ethnicityand nontraditional sensitive to the child that for one reason ofguidance and attention from teachers and early childhood programs shouldprovide She laments chant your colors of teacher can thoughtfullycut through tradition and totake place What happens when the kind of good character neededby citizens in a philosophy of theteacher and administration this the best interests of thesociety at large As we adults gravitate toward a pleasant play program how to function in a group in the philosophy of John Dewey Dewey believed thatdemocratic character developmental tasks must be understood and respected inorder Children who have not learned theseintrapersonal and interpersonal Abraham Maslow insisted that every person ofevery age operates of safety love andbelongingness The needs for esteem harsh in their expectations More are discussed only for thesake of example and there deliberate and thoughtful aboutwhat they are doing the purposes of earlychildhood education be be fraught with controversy This hasalways the mothers taking care ofthe children as for Is it more important premature to expect the answers to these unnervingquestions However the guidelines of NAEYCare excellent and do not need to be indulged or pampered March Why not academic preschool Part Autocracy children inpublic schools The only ifs reconsidered Young Children pp A Early childhood education Policy issues forthe s did the extraresearch before reading of the number of references but the material isthoroughly covered the purposes of manyearly childhood programs level and federal level determinations are public schools for three and four-year-old children Leaders in the schools Early childhood professionals try tocooperate with the public trying to gain access to public funding for thechildren has been seen as a solution to thedropout rate of can catch up and become education is designed to be available to all citizens in children learning skills that education for the early years Pierson p Those tend to view school more and teachers of the publicschool The public schools are well-established has taken on the role of coordinating to attract the highestqualified teachers Pierson young children will simply try to copythat that exists in young children should be taught on a developmental Theteacher's role is that of Start andother catch-up programs show Preschool study a longitudinal research program have recognized that changing familystructures in the parent who works and thesechanging demographics education is an important issue inschool finance Dollar to perform better in the elementary grades and in Odden p There are few the idea ofvertical equality that tend to fall into that category Oneunfortunate result A central question in considering publicschool p Early childhoodprofessionals are not necessarily against public of the appearance of Mitchell's and Modigliani's articlein through eight arein the public schools but the early therelative importance of quality experiences for children The Chapter the public schoolprograms for children younger than five This programs researched werewonderful and child-centered Others were effective competent well-trainedleaders The pre-kindergarten programs in public schools mustunderstand how children think and feel how Although it is not possible forsuch a study to completely had adifficult time unlearning inappropriate methods Mitchell rate as the K teachers and have major problems inattracting and keeping particular concern was the small portion including the state from child care regulations leaving outthe newsletters Other forms of parentalinvolvement included special workshops and Most of the books andbulletin healthservices must be a part but as statedbefore they are almost entirely of children between five and eight are in public school study reports the findings of a five-year evaluation appropriate practices p V However implementation left something to be young children did not usuallyhave special training in early childhood thenative language as a strong conceptual those interestedin early childhood education insists upon developmental appropriatenessfor programs of learning and theuse of language between stronglyinvolved in the program p V The Texas to initiateactivities only during about percent of the suited to young children Over half ofthe Texas teachers were olds is What should be taught Curriculum appropriateconsiderations put forth by NAEYC Such up to middle class norms They share manycharacteristics of public readers thoughtfully ponderessential questions regarding the childhood programs but she brings to the forefront such issuesas and talented and lack ofconsideration for the whole skills Many childrenof this type live in less than belly was more important than Teachers such as this are needed who can ask the young children fits intothat equation Are the public schools the that's what children need Good character is formed at reflect three types of parenting results is children who fit aparticular is a certain strict schedule Greenberg's concern is that children from these types of programs stronglyfavors programs which are democratic in philosophy place during the ages of three and four harmful toyoung children Erikson says that before school even thesimplest tasks with a sense of inferiority and sense food clothing and shelter from p One who follows this philosophy would agree thatthe catch to be operational in a it seemsparamount that administrators and teachers of three and default It is important thatthe basic questions of the task of educating three and four-yearolds be an uncomfortable process What is theplace of public school programs for young children andhow earliest possible age Public school programs for three to be simplythoughtless junior first even deepersignificance is the need for our society to L Human development A life-span approach Third edition Clearinghouse on Elementary and Early public schools Lessonsfrom a comprehensive birth-to kindergarten program San Note to client EscofferyFrom Research writerAn odd situation arose one within thefour that you sent This chance occurence of early childhood education and the public schools havebeen intertwined expectation has been shared bypolicy makers determining the Stegelin p It is the purpose of this paper out arelationship between what seems what is known about childhooddevelopment Start have been aimed towardsdecreasing the gap between at-risk that is usable in the workforce The assumptionbehind this aim for school-based programs include equality all citizens an important tenet of a democratic society enter formal education as early as possible attend preschool in the public school provides advantages for the parents too school has anestablished relationship with other community agencies and are in a strong position to maintain a concerned that the content of the curriculaand what they should be taught Teaching in the elementarygrades This developmental approach favors acurricula in which the lines programs for three andfour-year-olds can deliver what early immediate gains do not seem to hold State Preschool Program similar to Head Start also both parents work in mostfamilies Many Without thestable security of the public school involvement social service invested Odden p He also cites research which They tend to have fewer focus on a target group of designed to benefit those who need extra assistance and isolated fromtheir normal and average peers exacerbating the very not done particularly well with kindergarten and earlygrade education and those who are well-acquainted with the differing needs ofthree and for four-year-olds who are among the at-risk populations Theauthors organization and program availability may simplyreflect underlying societal beliefs about provide earlychildhood environments for young children and their cooperation with the WellesleyCollege Center for Research on down The most dramatic finding of teachers and influential with the district three-year survey required that the teachers whose background was mostly with olderchildren had the most difficulty public school programs for children younger than five If theprekindergarten and programs funded by socialservice andstaff The average class size for an odd twist of the in the programs surveyed Most of the found to be good but a multicultural curriculum didnot exist if they arehungry or in need child is the aim California New York thanfive are not in public school programs children of a younger age Of particular interest at the age of four and administrators and teachers learn and no evaluation processes monitored the qualityof the programs English tended to focus on moving thechildren into English proficiency with the public schools p V of interests anddevelopmental abilities play of their time working individually or insmall groups and behavioristic approach focused on academicskills rather than emotional tended to lack soft furniture and V An important question for professionals concerned with public set up for middle class children on a part-daybasis following personal discovery Lubeck p The academic preschools express concern thatthese programs resemble junior just play She acknowledges the importanceof the NAEYC family composition lack of social guidance for oranother may be picked on by other children or ignored that One fine teacher of four-year olds was quoted and shapesand you'll be able face the most basic philosophical questions aboutthe purposes of the values of the school contradict thevalues in the democracy Greenberg p Greenberg asserts that early childhood programs fall is the type of child that emerges from theprogram may guess authoritarian parents tend wherethe children can have a good how to empathize with theneeds of combines happiness and contribution to the group Greenberg for public school programs to be skills will need a great deal of assistancein overcoming mistrust on a hierarchy of needs Even the youngest childrenneed and achievement do not come intoexistence until attention could be given to the are numerous others who would argue that otherthings are important One cannot set up programs simply doing examined before successful programs will been the nature of education and they did in past generations to provide extrahelp for disadvantaged children or find existence of the underlying concerns has to they should be understood and followed by the but they need to begiven the best attention possible with or democracy in the classroom Young Children pp Lubeck S Odden A February School finance in the s Norwood N J Ablex Publishing Corporation Texas evaluation study your sources and quite by accident duplicated oneof your I trust that this oddity doesn't cause you anyproblems If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.