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Essay Subject: Military/economic concerns in nations of Europe, Middle East, South Amer. & Pacific Rim.... More...

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Paper Abstract: Military/economic concerns in nations of Europe, Middle East, South Amer. & Pacific Rim. Paper Introduction: In recent years, security issues in certain countries have become less important than economic issues. This research will discuss this phenomenon among countries in four regions of the world: Europe, the Middle East, South America and the Caribbean, and the Pacific Rim. More and more, the common concern in world events has become one of cooperation rather than of rivalry or warfare. What was unheard of 50 years ago is becoming common today. For example, as early as 1990 (Ries np), the secretary-general of the Liberal Democratic Party, Ichiro Ozawa began a round of talks with the Australian and New Zealand Prime Ministers to discuss Japanese trade and investment in these two countries and to promote a spirit of cooperation among Pacific Rim countries. The talks were also aimed at coordinating Australian and Japanese views on Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. The constraints have not checked the competition among the UnitedStates, Britain, and France to sell all sorts of other weapons to Arabcountries, since cuts in domestic defense spending has made export marketsessential ("Scuds Bad, ....." 48). In 1992, the six-member Association of South-East Asian Nations, wasready to endorse the idea of an Asian free-trade area within 15 years. Thisgroup concentrated on an analysis of the idea of a security identity forEurope; the future roles and respective limits of the existing bodiesincluding NATO, the NEU, the EC, and the CSCE; the examination of defenseissues, including the place of nuclear weapons, the economic aspects ofEuropean security, including the economic conversion of defense industries,industrial implications, arms sales, and the transfer of militarytechnology with relevance to the Mediterranean area and the Middle East.While reactions in the European community toward a unified defense andcommon foreign policy were mixed, most thought that a common foreign policycould only exist if there were some common objectives and that now was atime for seeking those objectives. Caricom is, at present, the largest recipient ofCanadian aid, and in view of the proposed cuts in Canada's foreign aid overthe next few years, it was hoping to get some firm assurances on future aidflow ("Caribbean: Caribcan Falls ...." np). "Some Europeans See Trade Conflict With U.S. " 9). Caribbean countries are also concerned with trade--especially withCanada. The decline of the importance of security issues has been broughtabout not only because of concerns about trade, but because of thedeclining public support in the United States for defense programs ingeneral and for nuclear weapons in particular. Thegroup of nations failed in the past to foster intra-regional trade andinvestment, but this endorsement was seen as a major step (Murdoch np). Caricom, the Commonwealth Caribbean, met with Prime Minister BrianMulroney to discuss the stalemate over improved access to the Canadianmarket for Caricom goods. Although there is civil war in Yugoslavia, the most volatilesituation in terms of world security still remains in the Middle East. In recent years, security issues in certain countries have becomeless important than economic issues. One senior Canadianofficial in the Caribbean division at the external affairs ministryacknowledged that there are problems, even though it is too early to passjudgment on Caricom's effectiveness. More and more, the common concern in world events has become one ofcooperation rather than of rivalry or warfare. policy has shifted its focus from the competitivebusiness of selling conventional weapons to various countries. The United States has sold arms worth $8.6 billion since the end ofthe Gulf War, mainly to Saudi Arabia. This is not to state that security issues are no longer important.Indeed, the lack of interest in the domestic affairs of neighboringcountries often has lead to war--in fact, some warn against taking alaissez-faire attitude regarding Europe's current civil wars (MendelsohnA27). "Clinton Faces Heavy National Security Agenda." San Francisco Chronicle, 6 November 1992, A27.Murdoch, Lindsay. " 12). Now that a new administration will be in Washington, the thinking inthe European community is to wait before making any more refusals ordemands. What was unheard of 5 years ago is becoming common today. With apresident taking charge who has a non-military history, it also seemslikely that cooperation among nations will be stressed over rivalry. However,if the Saudis were denied the F-15s, Great Britain would surely enter intoa similar transaction with the Saudis, with their substitute Tornados. While it has been shown in this research that the United States doesnot have the same "big brother" status as it did during the cold war, itstill exercises a great a great deal of influence in world events. The talkswere also aimed at coordinating Australian and Japanese views on thedevelopment of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum, the regionaltrade and investment group. ReuterTextline.Ries, Ivor. The most important problem for thefuture will most likely be how to get rid of nuclear weapons, not how theycan be proliferated. asPolitical Identity Test." Washington Post, 6 November 1992, A23."Koreans Use Brazil as Gateway to South America." Cosmetics International, 25 February 1992, 9.Mendelsohn, Jack. Ina wiser world, Britain and the United States might enter into some form ofagreement on this, but in the anti-arms race discussions in March, 1992,the Britain and the United States discussed ways in which countries cannotify each other about the sales they make, not about how to discouragesuch sales. For instance, in Brazil, after the relaxationof its import laws led to a European trade inundation, Korea decided toenter the South American market. The voluntaryconstraints, promoted by George Bush after the Gulf War, were designed toprevent the sale of certain weapons (above all, ballistic missiles) tocertain countries. But one thing is clear: Europe is not going to let the UnitedStates step in and resume its super power role now that the Soviets are nolonger a threat. The administration responded bystating too many jobs would be lost if the sale wasn't completed. "Australia: Top Japanese Powerbroker to Visit." AustralianFinancial Review, 17 April 199 , np. Since the GulfWar, a growing awareness of potential threats from the Third World hasresulted in growing pressures to spend what the United States does spend onweapons, on non-nuclear weapons (Sloss 149). But the U.S. The high cost of strategicsystems, coupled with accusations of excessive profits made by purveyors ofsome systems, makes them particularly vulnerable to cuts. European Information Service."Caribbean: Cariban Falls Short of Expectations." Reuter Textline, 25 January 199 , np.Drozdiak, William. He attributes the Caribbeandisenchantment to misplaced expectations, stating that Canadian-Caribbeantrade agreements (Caribcan) was never presented as an economic panacea forthe region. The countries in question are Iraq, Iran, Libya, andSyria. The bid to rein back a conventional arms race in this region hasfailed. Themain thrust of the trade efforts in that area are to limit nuclear weapons,and currently, the U.S. "The Future of U.S. This research will discuss thisphenomenon among countries in four regions of the world: Europe, the MiddleEast, South America and the Caribbean, and the Pacific Rim. For example, as early as 199 (Riesnp), the secretary-general of the Liberal Democratic Party, Ichiro Ozawabegan a round of talks with the Australian and New Zealand Prime Ministersto discuss Japanese trade and investment in these two countries and topromote a spirit of cooperation among Pacific Rim countries. Another example of working together for a common good was thedevelopment of the Institute for Security Studies, established by theWestern European Union (WEU) in 199 ("A Common Foreign .... The Bush administration wanted topass on to Congress a Saudi request for 72 advanced F-15 fighter bombers.Congress, which persuaded the administration to back down from similarsales to Saudi Arabia in the mid-198 s, challenged the proposal bothbecause of the perceived threat to Israel and because the sale would goagainst the current doctrine of restraint. Strategic Forces." Washington Quarterly 14 (Autumn 1991): 145-155.----------------------- 6 The United States, for its part, had recentlyannounced that it will impose tariffs on white wine and other imports fromFrance, Germany, and Italy starting in December, 1992. Reuter Textline."Scuds Bad, Everything Else Good." Economist, 14 March 1992, 48.Sloss, Leon. This refusal was one more event in a continuing trade war between theUnited States and Europe. Caricom's concern is that they will be hurt by the North AmericanFree Trade Agreement between the United States and Canada because therewill be a diversion of trade away from the Caribbean. The Koreans consider Brazil a largecountry with a very active economy, and the world's biggest population ofKoreans, outside of Korea, live in Brazil--so it was a natural evolution("Koreans Use Brazil .... Works Cited"A Common Foreign and Defense Policy and a Security Institute." 9 November 1991, 12. In the South America, with the civil war in Nicaragua over, and withstability in Panama, the major concerns are now with trade agreements.Indeed, other countries are now looking at South America as ripe, not forconquering, but for trade. But it is not the traders that are at fault. While Britain and Germany believe that a trade agreement with theUnited States must be reached to stave off global recession, France hasrefused to approve further concessions to Washington in ongoingnegotiations, arguing that Europe must protect its own interests bystanding up to the United States--which has now become "big brother"(Drozdiak A23). will more likely be concerned with promotingcooperation and trading between countries, as well as concluding the secondstrategic arms treaty with Russia. It will act more forcibly for its own interests, andright now, trade agreements are uppermost. "Asian: Asian to Commit Itself to Free-Trade PactWithin 15 Years." (Melbourne) Age, 27 January 1992, np. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.